**Dental Occlusion Flashcards
Define: occlusion
the static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth or tooth analogs
Define: malocclusion
a problem in the way the maxillary and mandibular teeth fit together in mastication
Is a protrusive movement side-to-side or forward?
forward
Is a lateral excursive movement side-to-side or forward?
side-to-side
What teeth are used to determine the anterior-posterior plane?
canines and first molars
In evaluating the anterior-posterior plane, what is the ideal relationship of the maxillary and mandibular first molars?
the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar fits into the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar
In evaluation the anterior-posterior plane, what is the ideal relationship of the maxillary canines with the mandibular arch?
The cusp of the maxillary canine fits in between the mandibular canine and the first premolar
What are the three main types of occlusion classifications?
Class 1, 2, 3
Which class of occlusion is broken down into two divisions?
Class 2 (divisions 1 and 2)
What classification of occlusion is considered “mesognathic/orthognathic?”
Class 1
What is Class 1 malocclusion?
normal molar and canine relationships but other maloposed teeth
What classification of occlusion is identified as “retrognathic?”
Class 2
What is the placement of the maxillary first molar and the maxillary canine in Class 2 occlusion?
the maxillary first molar is forward of the mandibular first molar, and the cusp of the maxillary canine occludes in a forward position of the mandibular lateral incisor and canine
What classification of occlusion is identified as overjet?
Class 2, Division 1
What is the difference between the two divisions in Class 2 occlusion classifications?
Class 2, Division 1- maxillary incisors are proclined/lean outward in a prominent overjet
Class 2, Division 2- maxillary incisors are tilted inward so that the overjet is not as pronounced as in Division 1
What classification of occlusion is identified as prognathic?
Class 3
What is the classification of occlusion commonly called “underbite?”
Class 3
Under what occlusion classification are the maxillary incisors positioned behind or inside the mandibular incisors?
Class 3
Define: anterior open bite
a gap between the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors
Define: posterior open bite
a gap between the cusp tips and/or occlusal surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular premolars or molars
Define: crossbite
an abnormal relation of one or more teeth of one arch to the opposing arch/teeth, caused by a deviation of tooth position or abnormal jaw position
Define: anterior edge-to-edge bite
the incisal edges of the maxillary and mandibular incisors occlude
Define: posterior edge-to-edge bite
the cusp tips of the maxillary and mandibular premolars and/or molars occlude
What does “ICP” stand for?
intercuspal position
What does “MIP” stand for?
maximum intercuspation
Define: intercuspal position (ICP)/maximum intercuspation (MIP)
the complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar position
(how the teeth fit together regardless of jaw relationship)
Define: centric relation
when the mandibular condoyles are directed anterior or superiorly
(bone-to-bone relationship, not identifying tooth relationship)
Define: eccentric contacts
tooth-to-tooth contacts that occur when the jaw moves our of central relation position, either lateral excursion (left or right) or protrusive movement (forward)
What are anterior teeth used for?
to incise or tear food and protect the posterior teeth by separating them when the jaw moves into eccentric positions
Define: canine guidance
the contact of the maxillary and mandibular canines that separate the posterior teeth during a lateral excursive movement
What are posterior teeth used for?
to masticate or crush food before swallowing, protect the anterior teeth that are not designed to withstand heavy occlusal forces and support the overall occlusion
Define: working/functional cusps
the cusp tips occluding into the opposing teeth in ICP
Define: non-working/non-functional cusps
the cusp tips that do not occlude into the opposing teeth in ICP
What are the maxillary working/functional cusps in normal ICP?
lingual cusps
What are the mandibular working/functional cusps in normal ICP?
buccal cusps
What are the maxillary non-working/non-functional cusps in normal ICP?
buccal cusps
What are the mandibular non-working/non-functional cusps in normal ICP?
lingual cusps
Define: attrition
the gradual loss of toot structure along the biting surfaces due to occlusal wear
Define: facet/wear facet
smoot/worn areas on the incisal or occlusal surfaces resulting from cuspal function during mastication
What is a common cause of attrition?
heavy bruxism/clenching or grinding at night
What is a common cause of a wear facet?
premature contact of teeth during mastication
Define: erosion
a chemical reaction seen at the cervical third of a tooth, causing the wearing away of tooth structure
What is a common cause of erosion?
acidic diets, acid reflux or eating disorders that cause excessive vomitting
Define: abrasion
the wearing away of tooth structure at the cervical third caused by friction
What is a common cause of abrasion?
aggressive brushing habits or hard toothbrush bristles
How will heavy/premature occlusal marks appear after checking with the articulating paper?
dense or as a halo with a center that is clean
Do anterior or posterior teeth typically have heavier occlusal contacts?
posterior teeth
Should articulating paper marks left by excursive movements be removed?
Yes
Should all occlusal markings be removed from a new restoration?
No
When checking occlusion, is it ideal to have the teeth wet or dry?
Dry
What instrument do you use to check occlusion?
articulating paper holder
What is the ideal position for a patient to be in to check occlusion?
seated in an upright position
Why should temporary restorations be kept out of occlusion?
to prevent post-op sensitivity or fracture until the final restoration is completed
List some possible symptoms/conditions that a high bite can cause.
-excess tooth wear
-tooth pain or sensitivity
-fracture of the restoration or an opposing tooth
-shifting of a tooth
-widening of the PDL, resulting in a loosening of the tooth
-TMJ pain or additional clenching
Can a temporary restoration be kept out of occlusion?
Yes
What would a possible reason be that a restoration would be taken out of occlusion on the incisal edge?
to prevent fracture in excursive movements
True or False: When possible, all restorations should adhere to ideal occlusal relationships
True
In normal ICP, how are the anterior teeth positioned against each other?
the facial surfaces of the maxillary teeth are positioned facially to overlap the facial surfaces of the mandibular teeth
