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REPOSITORY - Oral Biology > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 3 primary embryonic layers?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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2
Q

what layer is tooth enamel derived from?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

apart from enamel, what are all parts of teeth and supporting structures derived from?

A

ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

what is the ectomesenchyme

A

part of the neural crest that develops beside the primitive nervous system (ectoderm)

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5
Q

what do teeth develop from

A

tooth germs

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6
Q

what is the neural crest also called?

A

ectomesenchyme

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7
Q

what does the neural crest tissue migrate into?

A

the developing face and jaws

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8
Q

what is mandibulofacial dysostosis

A

failure of ectomesenchymal cells to migrate

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9
Q

what are the stages in tooth development?

A

initiation, morphogenesis, cytodifferentiation, matrix secretion, root formation

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10
Q

when does the primary epithelial band form?

A

6 weeks IUL

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11
Q

what does the primary epithelium band appear as?

A

thickening in epithelium of embryonic mouth (stomodaeum)

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12
Q

what happens to the primary epithelial band at 7 weeks IUL?

A

it grows into the jaw and divides into vestibular lamina and dental lamina

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13
Q

what does vestibular lamina form?

A

buccal sulcus

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14
Q

what does dental lamina form?

A

enamel organ

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15
Q

at 8 weeks what is the dental lamina shaped like?

A

a horse shoe

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16
Q

when does the enamel bud stage take place

A

8-10 weeks IUL

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17
Q

what happens during the enamel bud stage?

A

dental lamina thickens into bud stage enamel organ and ectomesenchymal condensation appears (dental papilla)

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18
Q

when is the enamel cap stage?

A

11 weeks

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19
Q

what happens in the enamel cap stage?

A

enamel organ forms a cap over dental papilla - EEE and IEE meet at the cervical loops

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20
Q

what are placodes?

A

different ways that different tissues forms a bud stage

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21
Q

what can ectodermal dysplasia affect?

A

not only teeth but also hair and other tissues

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22
Q

how can you treat ectodermal dysplasia?

A

gene therapy

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23
Q

when is the enamel bell stage

A

14 weeks IUL

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24
Q

what happens in the bell stage

A

the tooth is being refined

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25
Q

what are the cell layers in the bell stage

A

stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, internal enamel epithelium and external enamel epithelium

26
Q

which layer of the enamel bell stage holds sugars (glycogen) which is necessary for cells to develop enamel matrix from?

A

stellate reticulum

27
Q

why can enamel not use the energy coming from the odontoblasts in the dental papilla

A

there is a matrix between them

28
Q

what does matrix formation follow?

A

differentiation of cells

29
Q

what happens at the 12th week IUL?

A

an extension appears on the lingual side of the dental lamina (permanent tooth germ)

30
Q

when does the permanent tooth germ of the 1st primary molar start to develop?

A

16th week as a backwards extension of the dental lamina

31
Q

when is the late bell stage?

A

18th week

32
Q

what does the tooth look like in the late bell stage?

A

well defined crown

33
Q

what happens in the late bell stage?

A

apposition of enamel and dentine

34
Q

which cells differentiate into odontoblasts?

A

dental papilla cells adjacent to IEE

35
Q

what do odontoblasts do?

A

lay down dentine matrix which is later mineralised

36
Q

what happens once dentine formation has begun?

A

the IEE can differentiate into ameloblasts to form enamel

37
Q

what are the steps of dentinogenesis?

A

odontoblast differentiation from IEE, deposition of dentine matrix, unmineralised dentine is predentine, mineralisation of dentine

38
Q

what are the 2 stages of enamel formation?

A

protein matrix deposited and matrix partially mineralised

organic part removed and mineralisation complete

39
Q

what are the stages of ameloblast differentiation?

A

morphogenic, histodifferentiation, secretory (initial), secretory (tomes process), maturative (ruffle-ended), maturative (smooth), protective

40
Q

what happens during ameloblast differentiation stage 1

A

dentine induces IEE cells to differentiate to ameloblasts, they elongate becoming columnar, nucleus migrates to the basal end of the cell

41
Q

what happens during the secretory phase of amelogenesis?

A

ameloblasts become secretory cells, they synthesis and secrete enaml matrix proteins (amelogenins) and the matrix is partially mineralised (30%)

42
Q

what happens during the maturation phase of amelogenesis?

A

matrix proteins removed, mineral content increased to 95%

43
Q

what happens during the protection phase of amelogenesis

A

ameloblasts regress to form a protective layer (reduced enamel epithelium) which is involved in eruption and formation of epithelial attachment

44
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

autosomal recessive hypoplastic hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta

45
Q

what do teeth appear like with amelogenesis imperfecta

A

yellow and difficult to see on radiograph due to loss of mineral content

46
Q

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

dentine is not mineralised to expected level

47
Q

what can occur as a result of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

tooth wear as there is no base for the enamel

48
Q

what is the root shape defined by?

A

apical growth of the cervical loop

49
Q

with root formation what name does the cervical loop take?

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

50
Q

how many cells are in HERS

A

2

51
Q

what does HERS do?

A

induce formation of root dentine and then breaks up

52
Q

what are the remains of HERS called?

A

debris of Malassez

53
Q

once HERS is broken down what happens with the mesenchymal cells?

A

they contact the dentine and differentiate into cementoblasts to form cementum

54
Q

which type of fibres are embedded in cementum?

A

Sharpey’s fibres

55
Q

what does the dental follicle produce?

A

cementum, PDL, alveolar bone

56
Q

what does the dental papilla produce?

A

dentine and pulp

57
Q

what are the developmental abnormalities?

A

prenatal, postnatal, inherited, acquired, number, shape, size, structure, eruption

58
Q

what happens with acquired enamel defects?

A

only incisal area formed and not cervical

59
Q

what is gemination

A

teeth that join together as one tooth breaks down to 2

60
Q

what is fusion?

A

separate teeth which join during development

61
Q

what is concresence?

A

when teeth join together by the cementum

REPOSITORY - Oral Biology (13 decks)

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