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REPOSITORY - Oral Biology > Tooth Development > Flashcards

Tooth Development Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 primary embryonic layers?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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2
Q

what layer is tooth enamel derived from?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

apart from enamel, what are all parts of teeth and supporting structures derived from?

A

ectomesenchyme

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4
Q

what is the ectomesenchyme

A

part of the neural crest that develops beside the primitive nervous system (ectoderm)

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5
Q

what do teeth develop from

A

tooth germs

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6
Q

what is the neural crest also called?

A

ectomesenchyme

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7
Q

what does the neural crest tissue migrate into?

A

the developing face and jaws

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8
Q

what is mandibulofacial dysostosis

A

failure of ectomesenchymal cells to migrate

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9
Q

what are the stages in tooth development?

A

initiation, morphogenesis, cytodifferentiation, matrix secretion, root formation

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10
Q

when does the primary epithelial band form?

A

6 weeks IUL

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11
Q

what does the primary epithelium band appear as?

A

thickening in epithelium of embryonic mouth (stomodaeum)

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12
Q

what happens to the primary epithelial band at 7 weeks IUL?

A

it grows into the jaw and divides into vestibular lamina and dental lamina

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13
Q

what does vestibular lamina form?

A

buccal sulcus

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14
Q

what does dental lamina form?

A

enamel organ

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15
Q

at 8 weeks what is the dental lamina shaped like?

A

a horse shoe

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16
Q

when does the enamel bud stage take place

A

8-10 weeks IUL

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17
Q

what happens during the enamel bud stage?

A

dental lamina thickens into bud stage enamel organ and ectomesenchymal condensation appears (dental papilla)

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18
Q

when is the enamel cap stage?

A

11 weeks

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19
Q

what happens in the enamel cap stage?

A

enamel organ forms a cap over dental papilla - EEE and IEE meet at the cervical loops

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20
Q

what are placodes?

A

different ways that different tissues forms a bud stage

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21
Q

what can ectodermal dysplasia affect?

A

not only teeth but also hair and other tissues

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22
Q

how can you treat ectodermal dysplasia?

A

gene therapy

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23
Q

when is the enamel bell stage

A

14 weeks IUL

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24
Q

what happens in the bell stage

A

the tooth is being refined

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25
what are the cell layers in the bell stage
stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, internal enamel epithelium and external enamel epithelium
26
which layer of the enamel bell stage holds sugars (glycogen) which is necessary for cells to develop enamel matrix from?
stellate reticulum
27
why can enamel not use the energy coming from the odontoblasts in the dental papilla
there is a matrix between them
28
what does matrix formation follow?
differentiation of cells
29
what happens at the 12th week IUL?
an extension appears on the lingual side of the dental lamina (permanent tooth germ)
30
when does the permanent tooth germ of the 1st primary molar start to develop?
16th week as a backwards extension of the dental lamina
31
when is the late bell stage?
18th week
32
what does the tooth look like in the late bell stage?
well defined crown
33
what happens in the late bell stage?
apposition of enamel and dentine
34
which cells differentiate into odontoblasts?
dental papilla cells adjacent to IEE
35
what do odontoblasts do?
lay down dentine matrix which is later mineralised
36
what happens once dentine formation has begun?
the IEE can differentiate into ameloblasts to form enamel
37
what are the steps of dentinogenesis?
odontoblast differentiation from IEE, deposition of dentine matrix, unmineralised dentine is predentine, mineralisation of dentine
38
what are the 2 stages of enamel formation?
protein matrix deposited and matrix partially mineralised | organic part removed and mineralisation complete
39
what are the stages of ameloblast differentiation?
morphogenic, histodifferentiation, secretory (initial), secretory (tomes process), maturative (ruffle-ended), maturative (smooth), protective
40
what happens during ameloblast differentiation stage 1
dentine induces IEE cells to differentiate to ameloblasts, they elongate becoming columnar, nucleus migrates to the basal end of the cell
41
what happens during the secretory phase of amelogenesis?
ameloblasts become secretory cells, they synthesis and secrete enaml matrix proteins (amelogenins) and the matrix is partially mineralised (30%)
42
what happens during the maturation phase of amelogenesis?
matrix proteins removed, mineral content increased to 95%
43
what happens during the protection phase of amelogenesis
ameloblasts regress to form a protective layer (reduced enamel epithelium) which is involved in eruption and formation of epithelial attachment
44
what is amelogenesis imperfecta?
autosomal recessive hypoplastic hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta
45
what do teeth appear like with amelogenesis imperfecta
yellow and difficult to see on radiograph due to loss of mineral content
46
what is dentinogenesis imperfecta
dentine is not mineralised to expected level
47
what can occur as a result of dentinogenesis imperfecta
tooth wear as there is no base for the enamel
48
what is the root shape defined by?
apical growth of the cervical loop
49
with root formation what name does the cervical loop take?
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath
50
how many cells are in HERS
2
51
what does HERS do?
induce formation of root dentine and then breaks up
52
what are the remains of HERS called?
debris of Malassez
53
once HERS is broken down what happens with the mesenchymal cells?
they contact the dentine and differentiate into cementoblasts to form cementum
54
which type of fibres are embedded in cementum?
Sharpey's fibres
55
what does the dental follicle produce?
cementum, PDL, alveolar bone
56
what does the dental papilla produce?
dentine and pulp
57
what are the developmental abnormalities?
prenatal, postnatal, inherited, acquired, number, shape, size, structure, eruption
58
what happens with acquired enamel defects?
only incisal area formed and not cervical
59
what is gemination
teeth that join together as one tooth breaks down to 2
60
what is fusion?
separate teeth which join during development
61
what is concresence?
when teeth join together by the cementum

REPOSITORY - Oral Biology (13 decks)

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