Oral Functions: Feeding

Question 1

what are the stages of the feeding sequence?

Answer 1

ingestion, stage 1 transport and mechanical processing

Question 2

what is ingestion?

Answer 2

movement of food from the external environment into the mouth

Question 3

how is ingestion accomplished?

Answer 3

by biting and/or using tools e.g. cutlery

Question 4

what do the lips provide

Answer 4

anterior oral seal

Question 5

which facial muscles help to control bolus and prevent food spillage

Answer 5

orbicularis oris and buccinator

Question 6

what happens in stage 1 transport?

Answer 6

moving material from the front of the mouth to the level of the posterior teeth

Question 7

what are the movements of the tongue in stage 1 transport?

Answer 7

food gathered on tongue tip, tongue retracts pulling the material to the posterior teeth (pull back process)

Question 8

what are the movements of the hyoid bone and oropharynx during stage 1 transport?

Answer 8

retraction of hyoid bone and narrowing of oropharynx

Question 9

what is mechanical processing

Answer 9

the breakdown and mixing of foods with saliva before swallowing

Question 10

what happens during mechanical processing

Answer 10

foods are chewed by premolar and molar teeth and soft foods are squashes by tongue and hard palate

Question 11

what needs to happen in food processing?

Answer 11

the coordinated actions of many muscles

Question 12

which muscles are involved in food processing?

Answer 12

the mandibular muscles, the supra-hyoid muscles, the tongue muscles, the lips and cheeks

Question 13

what role does the tongue play in chewing?

Answer 13

it controls and transports the bolus

Question 14

what does the tongue do to the bolus?

Answer 14

gathers food and rotates to reposition bolus on the occlusal table, moves the bolus from side to side of mouth and gathers bolus for transport

Question 15

what does the forward movement of the tongue during the occlusal and initial opening phases create?

Answer 15

a contact between the tongue and the hard palate

Question 16

where does the food bolus sit on the tongue before being swallowed

Answer 16

on the pharyngeal surface

Question 17

what does it mean if the mouth is continuous with the oropharynx during processing of solid foods

Answer 17

there is no oral seal made

Question 18

when is an oral seal made?

Answer 18

when swallowing liquids

Question 19

where are liquids swallowed from?

Answer 19

mouth

Question 20

where are solids swallowed from?

Answer 20

oropharynx

Question 21

what is the shape of the chewing cycle diagram?

Answer 21

teardrop

Question 22

what are the phases of the chewing cycle?

Answer 22

opening phase, closing phase, occlusal phase (mandible stationary and teeth joined)

Question 23

what is the difference in the chewing cycle diagram when chewing tougher foods

Answer 23

the shape becomes wider with broader strokes

Question 24

if a patient has malocclusion what does their chewing cycle diagram look like?

Answer 24

irregular and all over the place

Question 25

if a patient performs ruminatory mandibular movements how do you design a prostheses for them?

Answer 25

use teeth with cusps to achieve a balanced occlusion

Question 26

when might cuspless teeth be used for a denture?

Answer 26

if the dentures have occlusal surfaces which are evenly worn (flat)

Question 27

what are flat cusps suggestive of?

Answer 27

vertical mandibular movements

Question 28

what will inaccurate placement of mandibular posterior teeth in a denture do?

Answer 28

interfere with tongue movements and compromise the retention and stability of the denture

Question 29

what does mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth do?

Answer 29

facilitates swallowing and might improve GI tract efficiency

Question 30

what can deteriorated masticatory performances result in?

Answer 30

dietary restrictions such as avoiding difficult foods like green vegetables and meats

Question 31

what does masticatory performance correlate with?

Answer 31

occlusal contact area

Question 32

when would you not replace all missing teeth?

Answer 32

when other masticatory components are functioning properly and shortened dental arch is available

Question 33

how many teeth is considered the minimum amount of teeth necessary for a shortened dental arch?

Answer 33

20 (5-5)

Question 34

when are absent molar teeth replaced?

Answer 34

if their absence gives rise to problems

Question 35

what does a shortened dental arch provide?

Answer 35

sufficient occlusal stability, satisfactory comfort and appearance

Question 36

what is biting load carried by with denture wearers?

Answer 36

mucosa of residual ridge

Question 37

what happens to the maximum bite force when you wear a denture

Answer 37

it is reduced

Question 38

how can bite forces be increased in denture wearers?

Answer 38

by supporting dentures on teeth or implants

Question 39

what are the options of replacing missing teeth?

Answer 39

mucosa supported prosthesis (complete/partial), tooth supported prosthesis (removable/fixed), bone supported prosthesis (implants)

Question 40

what does a fixed-fixed bridge have for support?

Answer 40

2 abutment teeth

Question 41

what is a cantilever bridge?

Answer 41

a pontic connected to a retainer at one end only

Question 42

when is a cantilever bridge used?

Answer 42

to replace single teeth and only one retainer is used to support the bridge

Question 43

when are cantilever bridges not recommended?

Answer 43

when occlusal forces on the pontic will be heavy

Question 44

what is an adhesive bridge

Answer 44

an immediate temporary prosthetic later replaced by a permanent bridge once tissues have settled

Question 45

what are the advantages of an adhesive bridge

Answer 45

quick, non-destructive, aesthetic and durable

Question 46

which type of bridge has the best success rate

Answer 46

adhesive cantilever

Question 47

with mucosa borne dentures how is the occlusal forces transmitted

Answer 47

to the bone via the oral mucosa which is not recommended

Question 48

with tooth borne dentures how is the occlusal forces transmitted?

Answer 48

to the bone via the rests and the PDL which is recommended