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REPOSITORY - Oral Biology > Oral Functions: Muscles > Flashcards

Oral Functions: Muscles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the origin of the masseter?

A

zygomatic arch

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2
Q

what is the insertion of the masseter?

A

lateral surface and angle of mandible

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3
Q

what does the masseter do?

A

elevates mandible

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4
Q

which type of patients have tender masseters?

A

clenching patients

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5
Q

how do you examine the masseter?

A

one finger intra-orally and the other on the cheek

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6
Q

what is the origin of the temporalis?

A

floor of temporal fossa

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7
Q

what is the insertion of the temporalis?

A

coronoid process and anterior border of ramus

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8
Q

what does the temporalis do?

A

elevates and retracts the mandible

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9
Q

which patients have a tender temporalis?

A

bruxism patients

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10
Q

how do you palpate the temporalis?

A

ask the patient to clench teeth together

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11
Q

what is the origin of the lateral pterygoid?

A

from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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12
Q

what is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid

A

anterior border of the condyle and intra-articular disc via two independent heads

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13
Q

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

A

protrudes and laterally deviates the mandible and the inferior head functions with the mandibular depressors during openings

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14
Q

what does the inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid attach to?

A

head of condyle

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15
Q

what does the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid attach to?

A

intra-articular disc

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16
Q

which muscles is it not possible to manually palpate

A

lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

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17
Q

how do you examine the lateral pterygoid

A

response to resisted movement, one hand on patient head and other under chin and ask them to open mouth

18
Q

what is the origin of the medial pterygoid?

A

deep head: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

superficial head: tuberosity of maxilla

19
Q

where is the insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

medial surface of angle of mandible

20
Q

what is the action of the medial pterygoid?

A

elevates and assists in protrusion of the mandible

21
Q

which muscle cannot be examined?

A

medial pterygoid

22
Q

what might happen if hitting the medial pterygoid with LA ?

A

trismus

23
Q

what are the movements of the TMJ

A

rotation (initial opening) and translation (wider opening)

24
Q

what sort of movement does the initial opening of the mouth have

A

a hinge movement

25
Q

what sort of movements does the wider opening of the mouth have?

A

protrusive and retrusive sliding movements

26
Q

what happens to the condyles during protrusion?

A

they leave their fossae and move forward along the articular eminences (opposite for retrusion)

27
Q

what is Posselt’s envelops of motion?

A

the range of motion of the lower jaw bone. A diagrammatic representation of a sagittal view of maximum mandibular movement

28
Q

what is the maximum biting forces between molars?

A

200-700N

29
Q

which factors affect maximum bite force/

A

psychological - fear of fracture
muscle mass - bigger muscles = larger force
parafunction = bruxism

30
Q

what is type 1 muscles

A

slow, low forces

31
Q

what is type 2 muscles

A

fast, strong forces

32
Q

which type of muscle fibre do people with squarer jaws have more of?

A

type 2

33
Q

where is the greatest bite force generated?

A

between 1st molars

34
Q

why do 1st molars have the greatest bite force?

A

as they have a positive relation to the TMJ and muscles (are nearer the force generating muscles and the fulcrum (TMJ))

35
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid

36
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

37
Q

what do intrinsic tongue muscles do?

A

alter shape

38
Q

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

longitudinal, vertical, transverse

39
Q

what are the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

genioglossus, hypoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus

40
Q

what do the extrinsic tongue muscles do?

A

alter shape and position

41
Q

which muscles help to control food bolus and prevent spillage?

A

orbicularis oris and buccinator

REPOSITORY - Oral Biology (13 decks)

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