Tools & Techniques Flashcards
Benchmarking
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- compare your project goal w/ already established projects/products
PROCESSES:
- Collect Requirements
- Plan Quality Management
- Plan Stakeholder Engagement
Brainstorming
BONUS: What is Brain Writing?
(Tool and Technique)
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- facilitator leads group to generate ideas in short period of time
BONUS:
- brainstorming that allows participants time
PROCESSES:
- Develop Project Charter
- Develop Project Management Plan
- Collect Requirements
- Plan Quality Management
- Identify Risks
- Identify Stakeholders
Check Sheets
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- tally sheet gathering data to identify defects/quality problem
PROCESSES:
- Control Quality
Checklists
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- reminder list used as a reminder for items, actions, or steps
PROCESSES:
- Develop Project Management Plan
- Plan Quality Management
- Control Quality
- Identify Risks
Focus Groups
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- moderator guides interactive discussion w/ stakeholder’s to learn expectations about product/service/result.
PROCESSES:
- Develop Project Chart
- Develop Project Management Plan
- Collect Requirements
Interviews
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- Formal or Informal, typically one-on-one, conversation eliciting information from stakeholder
PROCESSES:
- Develop Project Charter
- Develop Project Management Plan
- Collect Requirements
- Plan Quality Management
- Identify Risks
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
- Plan Risk Responses
Market Research
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- examination of industry and seller capabilities
PROCESSES:
- Plan Procurement Management
Questionnaires and Surveys
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- set of questions to quickly gather information from large number of respondents
- good for varied audiences, quick turnaround, geographically dispersed, statistical analysis
PROCESSES:
- Collect Requirements
- Identify Stakeholders
Statistical Sampling
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Gathering
DESCRIPTION:
- testing random sample, not entire population
PROCESSES:
- Control Quality
Alternatives Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- evaluate options and selecting the best
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Perform Integrated Change Control
- Plan scope Management
- Define Scope
- Plan Schedule Management
- Estimate Activity Durations
- Plan Cost Management
- Estimate Costs
- Manage Quality
- Estimate Activity Resources
- Control Resources
- Plan Risk Responses
- Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Assessment of other Risk Parameters
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- considering other factors such as urgency, manageability, controllability, etc.
PROCESSES:
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
Assumption and Constraint Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- validating assumptions and constraints to determine which pose as risk
PROCESSES:
- Identify Risks
- Plan Stakeholder Engagement
Cost of Quality
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Cost of Conformance (to avoid failures)
- –Prevention Costs (build quality product)
- –Appraisal Costs (Assess the quality)
- Cost of Nonconformance (b/c of failures)
- –Internal Failure Costs (failure found by project)
- –External Failure Costs (failure found by customer)
PROCESSES:
- Estimate Costs
- Plan Quality Management
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Benefits should be more than the cost
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Perform Integrated Change Control
- Plan Quality Management
- Control Resources
- Plan Risk Responses
Decision Tree Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- probabilistic method to select best of several alternative courses based off of their Expected Monetary Value (EMV)
PROCESSES:
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Document Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- review and assess relevant document information
PROCESSES:
- Close Project or Phase
- Collect Requirements
- Manage Quality
- Identify Risks
- Identify Stakeholders
Earned Value Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- compare Performance Measurement Baseline to Actual Schedule and Cost Performance
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Control Schedule
- Control Costs
- Control Procurements
Influence Diagrams
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- graphical aid to decision making under uncertainty
PROCESSES:
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Iteration Burndown Chart
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- tracks work remaining to be completed in iteration backlog
PROCESSES:
- Control Schedule
Make-or-Buy Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Assessing factors to determine to make internally or buy externally
PROCESSES:
- Plan Procurement Management
Performance Reviews
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Compare actual performance against baseline
PROCESSES:
- Control Schedule
- Control Quality
- Control Resources
- Control Procurements
Process Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- identifies opportunities for process improvement
PROCESSES:
- Mange Quality
Proposal Evaluation
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Ensure proposals are complete and response to the full bid package, source selection criteria, etc.
PROCESSES:
- Conduct Procurements
Regression Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Interrelationships between variables that contributed to project outcomes (to improve future projects)
PROCESSES:
- Close Project or Phase
Reserve Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- technique to determine amount of reserve required
PROCESSES:
- Estimate Activity Durations
- Estimate Costs
- Determine Budget
- Control Costs
- Monitor Risks
Risk Data Quality Assessment
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- evaluating risk data for accuracy, sometimes by sending questionnaires to stakeholders to generate a quality score
PROCESSES:
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
Risk Probability and Impact Assessment
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- assesses likelihood of a particular risk occurrence and impact
PROCESSES:
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
Root Cause Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- determine underlying reason that causes a variance, defect, or risk.
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Manage Quality
- Control Quality
- Identify Risks
- Plan Stakeholder Engagement
- Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Sensitivity Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- determine which risks have most impact by correlating variations
PROCESSES:
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Simulation
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- gauge probability of particular outcomes by running a large number of scenarios with varying parameters
PROCESSES:
- Develop Schedule
- Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- determine whose interest should be taken into account throughout the project
PROCESSES:
- Plan Risk Management
- Identify Stakeholders
- Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
SWOT Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats of an organization, project, or option
PROCESSES:
- Identify Risks
Technical Performance Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Comparing Technical Achievement with schedule of Technical Achievement
PROCESSES:
- Monitor Risks
Trend Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- forecast future performance based upon past trends
- e.g. stock market
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Close Project or Phase
- Control Scope
- Control Schedule
- Control Costs
- Control Resources
- Control Procurements
Variance Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- compare planned/baseline versus actual performance
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Close Project or Phase
- Control Scope
- Control Schedule
- Control Costs
What-if Scenario Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Analysis
DESCRIPTION:
- Evaluate possible scenarios
PROCESSES:
- Develop Schedule
- Control Schedule
Affinity Diagrams
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- grouping large number of ideas for review and analysis
- e.g. Sticky Notes/Post-Its on wall
PROCESSES:
- Collect Requirements
- Manage Quality
Cause-and-Effect Diagrams
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Decomposition technique identifying underlying causes of problem
- E.g. Fishbone, Ishikawa, or Why-Why Diagrams
PROCESSES:
- Manage Quality
- Control Quality
Control Charts
BONUS:
1) What is Rule of 7?
2) What are Specification Limits?
(Tool and Technique)
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Determines if a process is “stable” or “out of control”
BONUS:
1) Process is “out of control” when 7+ consecutive data points lie on one side of mean
2) Customer-defined Control Limits, typically greater than the project’s Control Limits
PROCESSES:
- Control Quality
Flowcharts
BONUS:
1) What is SIPOC Model?
(Tool and Technique)
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Process Maps displaying sequence of steps and branching possibilities
BONUS:
1) Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer
PROCESSES:
- Plan Quality Management
- Manage Quality
Hierarchical Charts
BONUS: Three Hierarchical Charts (Breakdown Structures)
(Tool and Technique)
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Graphical top-down chart to show position and relationship
BONUS:
1) Work BS - assigning work packages
2) Organizational BS - project activity/work packages under organization’s department
3) Resource BS - resources by category and type
PROCESSES:
- Plan Resource Management
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
Histograms
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Bar Chart representing numerical data
PROCESSES:
- Manage Quality
- Control Quality
Logical Data Model
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Visual representation of data described in business language that helps identify data or quality issues
PROCESSES:
- Plan Quality Management
Matrix Diagrams
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Represents the strength of relationships between factors existing between rows and columns.
- Common type is roof-shaped
PROCESSES:
- Plan Quality Management
- Manage Quality
Mind Mapping
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Visual representation used in Brainstorming session to explaining commonalities and differences to generate ideas
PROCESSES:
- Collect Requirements
- Plan Quality Management
- Plan Stakeholder Engagement
Prioritization/Ranking
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- prioritizing/ranking stakeholders and their requirements
PROCESSES:
- Plan Stakeholder Engagement
Probability and Impact Matrix
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Grid for mapping probability and impact of each risk
PROCESSES:
- Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis
Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Illustration of work packages or activities and who is assigned
PROCESSES:
- Plan Resource Management
Scatter Diagrams
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Graph showing statistical relationship between two variables
PROCESSES:
- Manage Quality
- Control Quality
Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Visual showing stakeholders Current and Desired engagement level
PROCESSES:
- Plan Communications Management
- Monitor Communications
- Plan Stakeholder Engagement
- Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Stakeholder Mapping/Representation
BONUS:
1) What is Salience Model?
2) What is Stakeholder Cube
3) Four responses to Power/Influence
(Tool and Technique)
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Grid of either (A) Power/Interest, (B) Power/Influence, (C) Impact/Influence.
BONUS:
1) Classifies stakeholders based on their POWER, URGENCY, and LEGITIMACY
2) Three-dimensional model of the grids listed above
3) See below:
- HP/LI = Keep Satisfied
- HP/HI = Manage Closely
- LP/LI = Monitor
- LP/HI = Keep Informed
PROCESSES:
- Identify Stakeholders
Text-oriented Formats
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Data Representation
DESCRIPTION:
- Detailed description including responsibilities, authority, competencies, and qualifications.
- E.g. Position Description; Role-Responsibility-Authority Forms
PROCESSES:
- Plan Resource Management
Multicriteria Decision Analysis
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Decision-Making
DESCRIPTION:
- Prioritizing and weighing criteria to obtain a mathematical score for available alternatives to then rank
PROCESSES:
- Perform Integrated Change Control
- Collect Requirements
- Define Scope
- Plan Quality Management
- Manage Quality
- Acquire Resources
- Plan Risk Responses
- Monitor Stakeholder Engagement
Voting
Tool and Technique
GROUP: Decision-Making
DESCRIPTION:
- Unanimity = 100% group agree
- Majority = 50%+ group agree
- Plurality = idea w/ most vote wins
PROCESSES:
- Monitor and Control Project Work
- Perform Integrated Change Control
- Collect Requirements
- Validate Scope
- Estimate Activity Durations
- Estimate Costs
- Monitor Stakeholder Engagement