✅Tongue Flashcards
What are the two types of primary muscles in the tongue?
Extrinsic and Intrinsic
What are the extrinsic primary muscles?
- Genioglossus
- Styloglossus
- Hypoglossus
- palatoglossus
What are the intrinsic primary muscles?
Verticalis
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
What is key for the tongue?
Redundancy
What are the roles of the tongue?
- tasting food
- moving food inside the oral cavity for easier chewing
- the process of shaping laryngeal voice into words
How to we taste?
There are receptors on the tongue
Why do we bite our tongue?
Because the tongue and teeth move simultaneously
What is the thing that attaches your tongue to behind your teeth?
Frenulum
Why are the left and right sides of the frenulum protruded?
Because the submandibular and sublingual glands are opened there to release saliva
What is one option of treating short tongue?
Cutting the frenulum
What does extrinsic mean?
Attached to hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process of skill.
What does intrinsic mean?
Within the tongue
What are the 3 roles of the tongue?
Taste
Chew
Articulation
What type of voice does the tongue shape into words?
Laryngeal
What on the tongue enables us to taste food?
Receptors
How does the tongue move?
Freely
What is the tongue composed of?
Hundreds of small muscles
What is the piece of skin under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth called?
Frenulum
One option of treating short tongue is to cut what?
The frenulum
Why are the left and right sides of the frenulum protruded?
Because the submandibular and sublingual glands are opened there to release saliva
What do you call muscles inside the tongue?
Intrinsic
What muscle protrudes the tongue (sticks it out) ?
Genioglossus
What shape is the genioglossus?
Fan shape
What does the genioglossus do?
Protracts and depresses the tongue
What does the genioglossus attach to?
Hyoid bone
Bottom of the tongue
What is the function of the styoglossus
To draw the sides of the tongue upwards to create a trough for swallowing
What retracts and elevates the tongue?
Styloglossus
What connects to the hyoid bone?
Hyoglossus
What does the hyoglossus do?
Depresses and retracts the tongue
The hydroglossus makes the dorsum more what?
Convex
What muscles go across the tongue?
The transverse lingual muscle ( and vertical lingual muscles)
What does the transverse muscle do?
Elongates, narrows and protrudes the tongue
What does the verticalis muscle do?
Broaden and flatten the tongue
What does the superior longitudinal muscle do?
Retracts, curls the tongue tips and sides superiorly (changes the shape)
What does the inferior longitudinal muscle do?
Lifts the tongue tip
What muscle sits below the genioglossus?
The geniohyoid
What does the geniohyoid elevate?
The hyoid bone
What muscle elevates the floor of the tongue which shuts of the oral cavity from the oropharynx?
Palatoglossus
What muscle can narrow and point the tongue?
The styloglossus
Why do me have a groove in the middle of our tongue?
As the genioglossus pulls down the centre of the tongue
What muscles are used when producing a high front vowel?
The tongue goes up and forward so the genioglossus and styloglossus
What happens when we produce a retro flex sound?
The superior and inferior longitudinal muscles contract
What can move the tongue tip left and right?
The inferior longitudinal muscle
What is the tongue shape when we produce a plosive?
The tongue cups
Why can certain people not make different shapes with their tongue?
Due to variation : genetic, shape of hard palate etc
What does the brain lear a combination of signals to control?
Muscles for speech output
What is aglossia?
When people don’t have a tongue so use the hyoid and floor of the mouth muscles to articulate
What does the genioglossus do?
Pulls the tongue down and forward
What dose the hyoglossus do?
Pulls tongue body down
What does styloglossus do?
Whole tongue Up and back
What does palatoglossus do?
Back of tongue up and back
What does the longitudinal superior do?
Brings tongue body back and up
What does longitudinal inferior do?
Brings tongue tip/body back and down
