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Specialised Anatomy > ✅Tongue > Flashcards

✅Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of primary muscles in the tongue?

A

Extrinsic and Intrinsic

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2
Q

What are the extrinsic primary muscles?

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Hypoglossus
  • palatoglossus
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3
Q

What are the intrinsic primary muscles?

A

Verticalis
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse

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4
Q

What is key for the tongue?

A

Redundancy

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5
Q

What are the roles of the tongue?

A
  • tasting food
  • moving food inside the oral cavity for easier chewing
  • the process of shaping laryngeal voice into words
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6
Q

How to we taste?

A

There are receptors on the tongue

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7
Q

Why do we bite our tongue?

A

Because the tongue and teeth move simultaneously

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8
Q

What is the thing that attaches your tongue to behind your teeth?

A

Frenulum

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9
Q

Why are the left and right sides of the frenulum protruded?

A

Because the submandibular and sublingual glands are opened there to release saliva

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10
Q

What is one option of treating short tongue?

A

Cutting the frenulum

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11
Q

What does extrinsic mean?

A

Attached to hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process of skill.

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12
Q

What does intrinsic mean?

A

Within the tongue

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13
Q

What are the 3 roles of the tongue?

A

Taste
Chew
Articulation

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14
Q

What type of voice does the tongue shape into words?

A

Laryngeal

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15
Q

What on the tongue enables us to taste food?

A

Receptors

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16
Q

How does the tongue move?

A

Freely

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17
Q

What is the tongue composed of?

A

Hundreds of small muscles

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18
Q

What is the piece of skin under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth called?

A

Frenulum

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19
Q

One option of treating short tongue is to cut what?

A

The frenulum

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20
Q

Why are the left and right sides of the frenulum protruded?

A

Because the submandibular and sublingual glands are opened there to release saliva

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21
Q

What do you call muscles inside the tongue?

A

Intrinsic

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22
Q

What muscle protrudes the tongue (sticks it out) ?

A

Genioglossus

23
Q

What shape is the genioglossus?

A

Fan shape

24
Q

What does the genioglossus do?

A

Protracts and depresses the tongue

25
Q

What does the genioglossus attach to?

A

Hyoid bone

Bottom of the tongue

26
Q

What is the function of the styoglossus

A

To draw the sides of the tongue upwards to create a trough for swallowing

27
Q

What retracts and elevates the tongue?

A

Styloglossus

28
Q

What connects to the hyoid bone?

A

Hyoglossus

29
Q

What does the hyoglossus do?

A

Depresses and retracts the tongue

30
Q

The hydroglossus makes the dorsum more what?

A

Convex

31
Q

What muscles go across the tongue?

A

The transverse lingual muscle ( and vertical lingual muscles)

32
Q

What does the transverse muscle do?

A

Elongates, narrows and protrudes the tongue

33
Q

What does the verticalis muscle do?

A

Broaden and flatten the tongue

34
Q

What does the superior longitudinal muscle do?

A

Retracts, curls the tongue tips and sides superiorly (changes the shape)

35
Q

What does the inferior longitudinal muscle do?

A

Lifts the tongue tip

36
Q

What muscle sits below the genioglossus?

A

The geniohyoid

37
Q

What does the geniohyoid elevate?

A

The hyoid bone

38
Q

What muscle elevates the floor of the tongue which shuts of the oral cavity from the oropharynx?

A

Palatoglossus

39
Q

What muscle can narrow and point the tongue?

A

The styloglossus

40
Q

Why do me have a groove in the middle of our tongue?

A

As the genioglossus pulls down the centre of the tongue

41
Q

What muscles are used when producing a high front vowel?

A

The tongue goes up and forward so the genioglossus and styloglossus

42
Q

What happens when we produce a retro flex sound?

A

The superior and inferior longitudinal muscles contract

43
Q

What can move the tongue tip left and right?

A

The inferior longitudinal muscle

44
Q

What is the tongue shape when we produce a plosive?

A

The tongue cups

45
Q

Why can certain people not make different shapes with their tongue?

A

Due to variation : genetic, shape of hard palate etc

46
Q

What does the brain lear a combination of signals to control?

A

Muscles for speech output

47
Q

What is aglossia?

A

When people don’t have a tongue so use the hyoid and floor of the mouth muscles to articulate

48
Q

What does the genioglossus do?

A

Pulls the tongue down and forward

49
Q

What dose the hyoglossus do?

A

Pulls tongue body down

50
Q

What does styloglossus do?

A

Whole tongue Up and back

51
Q

What does palatoglossus do?

A

Back of tongue up and back

52
Q

What does the longitudinal superior do?

A

Brings tongue body back and up

53
Q

What does longitudinal inferior do?

A

Brings tongue tip/body back and down

Specialised Anatomy (14 decks)

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