✅nervous Sytem 1 Flashcards
What is a tract?
Bundles of axons in CNS
What is a nerve?
Bundles of axons in PSN
How are the cerebral hemispheres connected?
By the corpus callosum
What is a neuron made up of?
Cell body
Dendrite (receive)
Axon (sends)
D&A connect at synapse
What is the surface of the cerebrum called?
Cortex
How much does gray matter weigh?
3 pounds
What happens in 3-4 months of development?
The surface of brain folds up
What is gray matter?
Lots of tissue squeezed into small area
What is white matter?
White matter is nerve fibres that send signals around the body
What sections can the cortex be divided into?
Functions
Lobes
Longitudinal fissure
How is the cortex divided?
By groove like depressions
What do we call ridges and folds?
Gyri
What are all the lobes in the brain?
Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Cerebellum
What does the primary motor cortex do?
Performs movement
Describe brocas area
Inferior frontal gyrus
Promotors cortex
Central role in planning and organisation of motor behaviour required for speech production.
What does the prefrontal cortex control?
Personality
What might brain-injury patients endure?
Personality changes
Where is the parietal lobe?
Posterior to central fissure/sulcus, lower border at Sylvia fissure
What does the parietal lobe receive and control?
Receives- sensory information form body
Controls- speech and eye movements
What does the primary sensory cortex do?
Responds to touch and pain
What does the posterior parietal cortex do?
Processes different stimuli to help plan motor acts
Where is the angular gyrus?
Sits at junction of parietal occipital and temporal lobes
What is effected if there is a lesion in the angular gyrus?
High order language processing (metaphors)
What is the supramarginal gyrus involved in?
Word meaning, ability to connect word meanings with action patterns (e.g. show me how to whistle)
Where is the temporal lobe?
Low side of hemisphere
Upper border to frontal/parietal at Sylvia fissure
What does the temporal have 3 of?
Major gyri
What is gyri?
Ridges/folds
What does the primary auditory cortex do?
▹first cortical location for processing auditory signals
▹Receives basic signals and analayses
What does the auditory association area do?
receives basic analysis and performs higher level analysis
What does wernickes area control?
Speech and language comprehension
Where is the occipital lobe?
Posterior parts of hemispheres
What is the smallest lobe?
Occipital
What cortex is within the occipital lobe?
Primary visual cortex
What is the insula?
Cortex/lobe underneath Sylvia fissure
What is the insula involved in?
Involved in speech, language and swallowing
▹Coordinate high level speech and language production
What is the limbic system?
Structures within cerebrum involved in emotions, motivations, memory and adaptive functions
What are the four sections of the limbic system?
▹Cingulate gyrus
▹Hippocampus
▹Amygdala
▹Basal ganglia
What are the two projection tracts? Describe them.
▹ Corticobulbar
▹ Corticospinal
▸ long axons
▸Cortex to brainstem/spinal cord
What is an association tract? Describe it.
Arcuate fasciculus
▸ intrahemispheric (within and between lobes)
What does the accurate fasciculus do and where is it found?
Connects speech and language cortical areas in FRONTAL, TEMPORAL & PARIETAL LOBES
What is bulbar?
Brainstem
Where do fibres originate and end with regards to the corticobulbar tract?
Originate= cortex (cell bodies) End= brainstem
What do fibres that connect with lower motor neurons control?
facial, jaw, tongue, velopharyngeal & laryngeal muscles
Where do fibres originate and end in the corticospinal tract
Originate = cortex End= spinal cord
