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Specialised Anatomy > ✅nervous Sytem 1 > Flashcards

✅nervous Sytem 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a tract?

A

Bundles of axons in CNS

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2
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundles of axons in PSN

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3
Q

How are the cerebral hemispheres connected?

A

By the corpus callosum

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4
Q

What is a neuron made up of?

A

Cell body
Dendrite (receive)
Axon (sends)
D&A connect at synapse

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5
Q

What is the surface of the cerebrum called?

A

Cortex

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6
Q

How much does gray matter weigh?

A

3 pounds

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7
Q

What happens in 3-4 months of development?

A

The surface of brain folds up

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8
Q

What is gray matter?

A

Lots of tissue squeezed into small area

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9
Q

What is white matter?

A

White matter is nerve fibres that send signals around the body

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10
Q

What sections can the cortex be divided into?

A

Functions
Lobes
Longitudinal fissure

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11
Q

How is the cortex divided?

A

By groove like depressions

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12
Q

What do we call ridges and folds?

A

Gyri

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13
Q

What are all the lobes in the brain?

A 
Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal 
Cerebellum
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14
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do?

A

Performs movement

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15
Q

Describe brocas area

A

Inferior frontal gyrus
Promotors cortex
Central role in planning and organisation of motor behaviour required for speech production.

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16
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex control?

A

Personality

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17
Q

What might brain-injury patients endure?

A

Personality changes

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18
Q

Where is the parietal lobe?

A

Posterior to central fissure/sulcus, lower border at Sylvia fissure

19
Q

What does the parietal lobe receive and control?

A

Receives- sensory information form body

Controls- speech and eye movements

20
Q

What does the primary sensory cortex do?

A

Responds to touch and pain

21
Q

What does the posterior parietal cortex do?

A

Processes different stimuli to help plan motor acts

22
Q

Where is the angular gyrus?

A

Sits at junction of parietal occipital and temporal lobes

23
Q

What is effected if there is a lesion in the angular gyrus?

A

High order language processing (metaphors)

24
Q

What is the supramarginal gyrus involved in?

A

Word meaning, ability to connect word meanings with action patterns (e.g. show me how to whistle)

25
Q

Where is the temporal lobe?

A

Low side of hemisphere

Upper border to frontal/parietal at Sylvia fissure

26
Q

What does the temporal have 3 of?

A

Major gyri

27
Q

What is gyri?

A

Ridges/folds

28
Q

What does the primary auditory cortex do?

A

▹first cortical location for processing auditory signals

▹Receives basic signals and analayses

29
Q

What does the auditory association area do?

A

receives basic analysis and performs higher level analysis

30
Q

What does wernickes area control?

A

Speech and language comprehension

31
Q

Where is the occipital lobe?

A

Posterior parts of hemispheres

32
Q

What is the smallest lobe?

A

Occipital

33
Q

What cortex is within the occipital lobe?

A

Primary visual cortex

34
Q

What is the insula?

A

Cortex/lobe underneath Sylvia fissure

35
Q

What is the insula involved in?

A

Involved in speech, language and swallowing

▹Coordinate high level speech and language production

36
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Structures within cerebrum involved in emotions, motivations, memory and adaptive functions

37
Q

What are the four sections of the limbic system?

A

▹Cingulate gyrus
▹Hippocampus
▹Amygdala
▹Basal ganglia

38
Q

What are the two projection tracts? Describe them.

A

▹ Corticobulbar
▹ Corticospinal

▸ long axons
▸Cortex to brainstem/spinal cord

39
Q

What is an association tract? Describe it.

A

Arcuate fasciculus

▸ intrahemispheric (within and between lobes)

40
Q

What does the accurate fasciculus do and where is it found?

A

Connects speech and language cortical areas in FRONTAL, TEMPORAL & PARIETAL LOBES

41
Q

What is bulbar?

A

Brainstem

42
Q

Where do fibres originate and end with regards to the corticobulbar tract?

A 
Originate= cortex (cell bodies)
End= brainstem
43
Q

What do fibres that connect with lower motor neurons control?

A

facial, jaw, tongue, velopharyngeal & laryngeal muscles

44
Q

Where do fibres originate and end in the corticospinal tract

A 
Originate = cortex 
End= spinal cord

Specialised Anatomy (14 decks)

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