✅The Larynx Flashcards
What is the skeletal framework around the larynx?
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Ligament
- Tendon
Are the skeletal framework flexible?
Yes, though there are age- related changes
What bone is in the skeletal framework of the larynx?
The hyoid bone
What cartilages are in the skeletal framework of the larynx?
- EPIGLOTTAL CARTILAGE
- THYROID CARTILAGE
- CRICOID CARTILAGE
- TRACHEAL CARTILAGE
What is the epiglottis cartilage?
Single cartilage behind the hyoid bone and tongue root. Has ability to move up and down. Plays part in sealing off the oral passage
What are fused together at front (angle of thyroid) in the thyroid cartilage?
2 plates
Describe the back of the thyroid cartilage
Back = 2 long horns upward, 2 small horns downward
2 long horns upward connect to hyoid bone
2 small horns downward connect to the cricoid cartilage
Describe Cricoid Cartilage
- Circular structure.
- With SIGNET at back.
- Connects with Thyroid
- front is known as the arch
- where it connects to trachea is the boundary of where the larynx ends
Describe the arytenoid cartilage
- Triangular structures connect with cricoid
- Vocal process connect with vocal folds
- connect with cricoid, thyroid and epiglottis
What are the 2 processes of the arytenoid cartilage?
Vocal and muscular
What are the other cartilages
Cuneiform cartilages
Corniculate cartilages
What are the two main laryngeal joints?
CRICOTHYROID JOINTS
&
CRICOARYTENOID JOINTS
What two things connect at the CRICOTHYROID JOINTS
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
What three ligaments (ceratocricoid) allow such freedom of movement?
- ANTERIOR
- LATERAL
- POSTERIOR
What do the ceratocricoid ligaments allow?
Rotations
What two things are connected through the CRICOARYTENOID JOINTS
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
What two ligaments (CRICOARYTENOID) allow such freedom between the cartilages?
- ANTERIOR
- POSTERIOR
What do the CRICOARYTENOID ligaments allow?
Rotation and sliding
What are the vocal folds made up of?
Vocal ligament + mucous
What do vocal folds connect to?
Thyroid (front)
Arytenoid (back)
What is the triangular space between the vocal folds called?
The glottis
What makes up the VESTIBULAR FOLDS
Vestibular ligament + mucous
What are the vestibular also called?
The false vocal folds
What do the false vocal folds connect to?
Thyroid (front)
Arytenoid (back)
What is the space between the false vocal folds called?
The false glottis
What are the three spaces of the laryngeal cavity?
Ventricles
vestibule (supraglottic spaces)
Infra (sub) glottis cavity
Where is the Ventricles space on the laryngeal cavity?
Between vestibular and vocal folds.
What are the two types of laryngeal muscles?
intrinsic and Exctrinsic
What are the intrinsic muscles?
- Cricothyroid
- Thyroarytenoid
- Posterior cricoarytenoid
- Lateral cricoarytenoid
- Transverse arytenoids
What are the extrinsic muscles?
- Suprahyoid
- Infrahyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
Describe the where cricothyroid muscle is
Runs from cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage.
What does the Cricothyroid do?
It tightens vocal folds by lifting at front ( pulling back Down)
Higher pitch
Where does the Thyroarytenoid & Vocalis run?
Passes from THYROID to VOCAL PROCESS (of ARYTENOIDS)
What does the Thyroarytenoid & Vocalis do?
It relaxes and shortens the vocal folds.
Lowers pitch
What is the vocalis?
The muscular portion of the Vocal folds
-part of Thyroid-arytenoid muscle that insets into vocal ligaments
Where does the Posterior cricoarytenoid run?
Back of CRICOID to ARYTENOID
What does the Posterior cricoarytenoid do?
Rotates arytenoid, separating vocal folds
- voiceless sounds
- breathing
What are the oblique & transverse arytenoids?
Connects the two arytenoids Adduct arytenoids ( closing posterior glottis)
Where do the Posterior cricoarytenoid run?
CRICOID to ARYTENOID
What does the Lateral cricoarytenoid do?
Rotates arytenoid. Main adduct, pulls vocal folds together. Closes the glottis
What extrinsic muscles Stabilise and support the larynx?
-Thyrohyoid
••Sternothyroid
••Inferior constrictor
What does the thyrohyoid do?
Raise the larynx
-ejectives
What does the Sternothyroid do?
Pulls thyroid (larynx) downwards
-implosives
What does the inferior constrictor do?
Stabilises the larynx
What are the suprahyoid and their functions
-Stylohyoid
••Digastric
••Mylohyoid
••Geniohyoid
- lift the larynx
What are the infrahyoid muscles and their functions?
-Omohyoid
-pulls down and back
••Sternohyoid
-pulls down
What is the main action of the larynx?
Swallowing
How does the larynx control swallowing?
Palate raised to close nasal cavity ( levator palatini)
.Vocal folds are closed
(Lateral cricoarytenoids)
What happens during quiet breathing?
Vocal folds are abducted
What is forced breathing
Vocal folds are abducted plus relaxation
What happens vibration?
Narrowed glottis:
LATERAL CRICOARYTENOIDS + TRANSVERSE ARYTENOIDS)
What is bigger in men?
Thyroid
What is longer and thicker in men?
Vocal folds
What are the ventricles known as?
Oil can of the vocal folds
Where is the vestibule found (supraglottalic space)?
From the inlet to venstibularfolds
Where is the INFRA (sub)
GLOTTIC CAVITY found?
Glottis to trachea
What happens with pitch?
CRICOTHYROID (stretch), THYROARYTENOID (relax)
