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PTRS 852 final > Tone > Flashcards

Tone Flashcards

1
Q

resistance offered by muscles when passively lengthened “stiffness”

A

muscle tone

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2
Q

Diagnostic indicator of UMN problem

A

hypertonicity

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3
Q

UMN or LMN problem

A

Hypotonicity

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4
Q

Connective tissue capsuleintrafusal muscle fibersGamma motor axonsSensory axons

A

Muscle spindle

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5
Q

What fires the same time as the alpha motor neuron to contract the edges of the muscle spindle

A

gamma motor neuron

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6
Q

muscle spindles ending in central region of intrafusal fibers

A

Sensory axon

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7
Q

Types of sensory axons int he muscle spindles

A

Ia primaryII secondary

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8
Q

Sensitive to low amplitude, high velocity stretch inputsresult of activation is autogenic facilitation and reciprocal inhibition

A

Ia primary sensory ending

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9
Q

Sensitive to slow, sustained stretchactivation results less clear

A

II secondary sensory ending

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10
Q

Innervate intrafusal fibers (polar regions)Cell bodies in ventral horn of spinal cord (with alpha motor neuron)Not involved in stretch reflex pathway

A

Gamma motor neuron

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11
Q

Loss of normal alpha-gamma coactivationslack spindle, no input

A

hypotonia

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12
Q

a hypertonia condition that is velocity dependent and associated with hyperreflexia

A

Spasticity

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13
Q

Severe, constant hypertonia that is not velocity dependent

A

Rigidity

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14
Q

Alpha motor neurons are more sensitive to input due to net increase in excitatory synaptic input and or net decrease in inhibitory synaptic inputs

A

Neural causes of hypertonia

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15
Q

Immobilization has effect of changing visco-elastic propertiesChange in muscle fiber structure

A

Non neural causes of hypertonia

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16
Q

Types of tone

A

Clasp knifecog wheellead pipe

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17
Q

Most resistance at the beginning

A

clasp knife (swiss army knife)

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18
Q

Resistance throughout the range

A

Cog wheel

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19
Q

High level of resistance throughout

A

Lead pipe

20
Q

modified ashworth scaleno increase in muscle tone

A

1

21
Q

modified ashworth scaleslight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part is moved in flexion or extension

A

1

22
Q

modified ashworth scaleSlight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder of the ROM

A

1+

23
Q

modified ashworth scalemore marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part easily moved

A

2

24
Q

modified ashworth scaleConsiderable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

A

3

25
Q

modified ashworth scaleaffected parts rigid in flexion or extension

A

4

26
Q

modified ashworth scaleUnable to test

A

9

27
Q

x= spasticity angle (threshold)y= spasticity grade (gain)

A

Tardieu scale

28
Q

Tardieu scaleno resistance

A

0

29
Q

Tardieu scaleslight resistance

A

1

30
Q

Tardieu scale clear catch, interrupting movement

A

2

31
Q

Tardieu scaleFatigable clonus

A

3

32
Q

Tardieu scaleUnfatigable clonus

A

4

33
Q

pharmacological treatment for hypertonicity

A

baclofenvaliumbotox injection

34
Q

multi muscle activation problems

A

Sequencing problemsAbnormal synergies

35
Q

Coactivation across joint

A

sequencing problems

36
Q

inability to move a single joint without simultaneous movement in other joints

A

Abnormal synergies

37
Q

Brunnstrom stages after stroke

A

UE” flexor synergy is greater than extensorLE: extensor synergy is greater than flexor

38
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyno movement

A

stage 1

39
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyinvoluntary movement only

A

stage 2

40
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyabnormal synergy only

A

stage 3

41
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyisolate one joint

A

stage 4

42
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyisolate 2 joints

A

stage 5

43
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergyisolate all joints

A

stage 6

44
Q

Brunnstrom Stages of synergy normal movements

A

stage 7

45
Q

activation problems in the LE

A

standing transfersgait

46
Q

activation problems in the UE

A

manipulation and dexterity

47
Q

tests for motor control or rehab assessment after stroke

A

Fugl meyerStreamS-Stream

PTRS 852 final (8 decks)

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