Cerebral cortex

Question 1

to/from cortex and subcortical structures and spinal cord

Answer 1

projection fibers

Question 2

connect homologous areas of R and L hemisphere

Answer 2

commissural fibers

Question 3

connect cortical regions within one hemisphere

Answer 3

association fibers

Question 4

primary sensory areas receive sensory info from

Answer 4

thalamus

Question 5

discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects

Answer 5

primary somatosensory

Question 6

conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds

Answer 6

primary auditory

Question 7

distinguishes intensity of light,shape, size, and location of objects

Answer 7

primary visual

Question 8

discriminates among head positions and headmovements

Answer 8

primary vestibular

Question 9

stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment

Answer 9

secondary somatosensory

Question 10

analysis of motion, color; control of visual fixation

Answer 10

secondary visual

Question 11

classification of sounds

Answer 11

secondary auditory

Question 12

complex behavior organized; integration and interpretation of sensations, processing of memory, emotions, personality, executive functions

Answer 12

association cortices

Question 13

executive function

self-awareness (avoid socially inappropriate behavior)

Answer 13

dorsolateral prefrontal association

Question 14

sensory integration

understanding language and spatial relationships

Answer 14

parietotemporal association

Question 15

impulse control
personality
ventral; regulates mood and affect
medial: regulates emotion and reaction to emotion

Answer 15

ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association

Question 16

executive function (goal-oriented behavior)
deciding on a goal
executing a plan
monitoring the execution of the plan

Answer 16

association cortices

Question 17

L hemisphere dominant for 94% of people

Answer 17

communication

Question 18

L: comprehension of spoken language
R: interpreting nonverbal signals (comprehension of spatial relationships)

Answer 18

Wernicke’s area

Question 19

L: instruction for language output; plan movements to produce speech
R; instruction fro producing nonverbal communication (emotional gestures, intonation of speech)

Answer 19

Broca’s area

Question 20

communication loop

Answer 20

primary motor cortex
secondary auditory cortex
Wernicke's area
Subcortical connections
Broca's area
Oral and throat region of sensorimotor cortex

Question 21

Loss of tactile localization and conscious proprioception

Answer 21

primary somatosensory

Question 22

Loss of localization of sounds

Answer 22

primary auditory

Question 23

homonymous hemianopia

Answer 23

primary visual

Question 24

change in awareness of head position and movement

Answer 24

primary vestibular

Question 25

inability to recognize objects using a specific sense

Answer 25

agnosia

Question 26

inability to identify objects by touch and manipulation

Answer 26

astereognosis

Question 27

inability to visually recognize objects despite having intact vision

Answer 27

visual agnosia

Question 28

inability to visually identify peoples faces

Answer 28

prosopagnosia

Question 29

cannot recognize sounds
L: unable distinguish language vs other sounds
R: interferes with interpretation of environmentals sounds

Answer 29

Auditory agnosia

Question 30

inability to perform a movement to sequence of movements despite intact sensation, motor output, and cognition

Answer 30

apraxia

Question 31

impairments in speaking and writing

Answer 31

Broca’s aphasia

Question 32

Speech disorder due to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of muscles used for speaking

Answer 32

Dysarthria

Question 33

loss of executive function - lack of initiative, apathy

loss of divergent thinking

Answer 33

dorsolateral prefrontal association

Question 34

difficulty with sensory integration - unable handle new info effectively; concrete thinking (L; Wernicke’s R: neglect and/or difficulty understanding nonverbal communication)

Answer 34

Parietotemporal association

Question 35

Interferes with emotional responses - impaired empathy, embarassment, guilt and regret - leads to inappropriate and risky beharior
difficulty with self-control - impulsive

Answer 35

ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association

Question 36

disorder of spoken language

Answer 36

aphasia

Question 37

disorder of comprehension of written language

Answer 37

alexia

Question 38

disorder of ability to write

Answer 38

agraphia

Question 39

difficulty expressing oneself using language

able to understand language and control muscles for other purposes

Answer 39

Brocas aphasia

Question 40

language comprehension impaired

easily produce sounds, but output meaningless

Answer 40

Wernicke’s aphasia

Question 41

Damage to neurons that connect Wernickes and brocas areas
in severe forms, speech and writing meaningless
mild forms, paraphrasia occurs

Answer 41

conduction aphasia

Question 42

inability use language in any form
cannot produce understandable speech, comprehend spoken language, speak fluently, read or write
Large lesion lateral L cerebrum

Answer 42

Global aphasia

Question 43

speak in monotone
lack emotional facial expressions and gestures
flat affect

Answer 43

nondominant brocas area

Question 44

difficulty understanding intonations

neglect

Answer 44

nondominant Wernickes area

Question 45

tendency to behave as if one side of the body does not exist
fail to report or respond to stimuli present on contralesional side
usually affect left side of body

Answer 45

neglect

Question 46

Hemiparesis/hemiplegia/hemisensory loss affecting R side of body and face
Language/speech disorders
cautious behavior, hesitant to try new tasks

Answer 46

L hemisphere stroke

Question 47

Hemiparesis/hemiplegia/ hemisensory loss affecting L side of body and face
L neglect
Unable comprehend and produce emotional content of speech
Impulsive behavior, unaware of deficits

Answer 47

R hemisphere stroke