TBI

Question 1

forceful blow to resting, moveable head

maximum injury is at the point of cranial impact

Answer 1

coup injury

Question 2

Moving head

injury is opposite of impact

Answer 2

contracoup

Question 3

forces on the brain tissue
compression
tensile
shearing

Answer 3

Primary damage post TBI

Question 4

brain swelling
anoxia
hypotension

Answer 4

secondary damage post TBI

Question 5

no oxygen

Answer 5

anoxia

Question 6

occurs due to loss of autoregulation of blood supply to the brain
happens more easily after initial concussive event
presents with rapid deterioration of status, colapse and can be fatal

Answer 6

Second impact syndrome

Question 7

Long term consequences of TBI

Answer 7

neurodegenerative diseases
loss of autoregulation of blood supply
mild cognitive impairment
alzheimers disease
chronic tramatic encephalopathy CTE
depression

Question 8

progressive degenerative brain disease

repetitive concussive or sub-concussive brain injuries

Answer 8

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Question 9

Loss of consciousness

Answer 9

Moderate TBI

Question 10

coma or prolonged unconsciousness

can recover - deficits will remain physically, cognitively, and behaviorally

Answer 10

severe TBI

Question 11

tone, contracture
botox
baclofen
nerve blocks
serial casting

Answer 11

spasticity management

Question 12

improvements with TBI depend on

Answer 12

extent of injury

how the brain func/adapts after injury

Question 13

eye opening+verbal ressponse+motor response

Answer 13

glasgow coma score

Question 14

unresponsive but aroused by strong stimulus

Answer 14

stupor

Question 15

unconscious, unaware, unarousable, absent sleep-wake cycle

Answer 15

coma

Question 16

unconscious and unaware but have sleep-wake cycle and periods of alertness

Answer 16

vegatative state

Question 17

don’t recover within 30 days

Answer 17

persistent vegatative state

Question 18

aware and awake but can’t move or communicate (except blinking)

Answer 18

locked in syndrome

Question 19

no response: total assistance
complete absence of observable change in behavior when presented visual, auditory, tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular or painful stimuli

Answer 19

Rancho Los amigos level 1

Question 20

generalized response: total assitance
demonstrates generalized reflex response to painful stimuli
respondt to repeated auditory stimuli
responses inconsistent and delayed
responses may be significantly delayed

Answer 20

Rancho Los amigos level 2

Question 21

Localized response: total assistance
Demonstrates withdrawal or vocalization to painful stimuli
turns toward or away from auditory stimuli
blinks when strong light crosses visual field
follows moving object passed within visual field
responses: discomfort by pulling tubes, inconsistent to simple commands

Answer 21

Rancho Los amigos level 3

Question 22

Confused/agitated; maximal assistance
alert and in heightened state of activity
purposeful attempts to remove restraints
perform motor activities but without any apparent purpose
divided attention
absent short-term memory

Answer 22

Rancho Los amigos level 4

Question 23

Confused/agitated: maximal assist
may cry out or scream to stimulus
aggressive or flight behavior
unable to cooperate
incoherent and/or inappropriate
consistent routine important

Answer 23

Rancho Los amigos level 4

Question 24

confused, inappropriate non-agitate: maximal assist
alert, not agitated
not oriented to person, place, time
non purposeful sustained attention
imparied recent memory
absent goal directed
unable to learn new info

Answer 24

Rancho Los amigos level 5

Question 25

confused, appropriate: moderate assistance
inconsistently oriented
attend to highly familiar tasks no distractors
vague recognition
assistive memory aide with max assist
emerging awareness or appropriate response
unaware of disability

Answer 25

Rancho Los amigos level 6

Question 26

Automatic, appropriate: minimal assistance for daily living skills
consistently oriented to person and place
attend to highly familiar tasks
initiates and carries out steps to complete familiar personal and household routine
able to monitor accuracy and completeness of each step in routine personal and household ADLs and modify plan with minimal assitance

Answer 26

Rancho Los amigos level 7

Question 27

purposeful, appropriate: stand-by assistance
consistently oriented
completes familiar tasks with distractions
recall and integrate past and recent
independent with assistive memory devices for recall
can modify plan when needed
over/underestimates abilities
depressed or irritable

Answer 27

Rancho Los amigos level 8

Question 28

purposeful, appropriate: stand by assistance on request

Answer 28

Rancho Los amigos level 9

Question 29

Purposeful, appropriate: modified independent

Answer 29

Rancho Los amigos level 10