Toes Pathological Joint Deviations Flashcards
what are causes of absent or delayed toe off/push off?
- fixed ankle/foot - rigid DF/PF
- decreased PF ROM
- weak PF’s or toe flexors
- painful or rigid MTP
- influenced by knee hyperextension
what are effects of absent or delayed toe off/push off?
- no roll for toe off (push off) - decreased toe rocker
- insufficient transfer of weight from heel to forefoot
- decreased step length
what are causes of claw/hammer toes?
- MS hypertonicity
- comp for weak PF’s
what are effects of claw/hammer toes?
- interfere w forward progression
- decreased step length
what are causes of increased toe extension (up)?
- comp for weak AT
- comp for dereased DF ROM
- toe extensor hypertonicity
what are effects of increased toe extension (Up)?
- assistance w foot clearance
- skin irritation
what are causes of decreased toe extension?
- decreased toe ROM
- forefoot pain
- absent 2° to lack of heel off
what are effects of decreased toe extension?
- interfere w forward progression
- decreased step length opposite limb
how can you tell if someone is in forefoot aBduction?
the naviculars are more prominent on the medial side and toes bend outward
what is a planus deformity / how is it classified?
irreducible dorsal dislocation of navicular on talus producing a rigid flatfoot deformity
how can you tell if someone is in forefoot aDduction?
the base of the 5th met is more prominent on the lateral side and toes bend inward
is forefoot aDduction a rotational deformity or cavus deformity?
true forefoot adduction is a rotational deformity with normal hindfoot alignment
what are the characteristics of Plano-Valgus (classic FLEXIBLE flat foot?)
- dropped longitudinal arch
- post tib too weak to elevate arch
- weight is born on medial foot
- callouses along entire medial arch
- heel cord (achilles) is not tight
