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Human Gait > Stairs > Flashcards

Stairs Flashcards

1
Q

when ascending stairs, what are the steps?

A
  • stance limb supports and elevates body as swing limb passes:
  • riser, tread, and riser of next stair.
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2
Q

requirements of stair ascent?

A

stance limb must preserve stability and lift body mass while swing limb flexes to advance to the next higher stair

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3
Q

what are the phases of stair ascent?

A
  • Weight Acceptance
  • Single Limb Support
  • Swing Limb Advancement
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4
Q

what mobility is required for WA with stair ascent?

A

Hip = 50-60° FL, Knee = 50-70° FL, Ankle = 5-10° DF

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5
Q

during stair ascent, when does rapid hip/knee extension occur w/ increase of 5° DF?

A

LR –> MSt

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6
Q

what muscles are working during WA stair ascent?

A
  • lower glute max
  • adductor mag
  • upp. glute max
  • glute med
  • quads
  • hammies
  • soleus
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7
Q

what are the lower glute max and adductor magnus doing during WA stair ascent?

A

strong hip extension

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8
Q

what are the upper glute max and glute med doing during WA stair ascent?

A

strong lateral pelvic stabilization

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9
Q

what are the quads doing during WA stair ascent?

A

peak activity for shock absorption –> moves into strong knee extension

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10
Q

what are the hammies doing during WA stair ascent?

A

low level activation augments hip extension & resists anterior tib movement

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11
Q

what is soleus doing during WA stair ascent?

A

strongly active until contralateral toe off

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12
Q

what mobility is required for SLS with stair ascent?

A

rapid hip/knee extension. minimal hip/knee flexion. ankle DF decreases from 12° to 0°.

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13
Q

what muscles are working during SLS stair ascent?

A
  • glute max, adduc. long.
  • quads
  • BFLH & semimem
  • BFSH
  • gastroc/soleus
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14
Q

what are glute max and adduc. long. doing during SLS stair ascent?

A

decreasing concentric hip extension

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15
Q

what are the quads doing during SLS stair ascent?

A

decreasing concentric knee extension

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16
Q

what are BFLH and semimem doing during SLS stair ascent?

A

augment control of hip and knee extension

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17
Q

what is BFSH doing during SLS stair ascent?

A

assists w/ knee flexion at end of SLS

18
Q

what are gastroc/soleus doing during SLS stair ascent?

A

increased activation to control tibia

19
Q

what mobility is required for SLA with stair ascent?

A

ankle rapidly PF to 20° PF. Hip/Knee ~10°F until end of preswing

20
Q

what additional ROM is occuring for SLA with stair ascent?

A

Hip = 65-70° FL, Knee = 80-95° FL, Ankle = 5-10° DF

21
Q

what muscles are working during SLA stair ascent?

A
  • BFSH
  • gastroc/soleus
  • anterior tib
  • vastii & hip extensors
22
Q

what is BFSH doing during SLA stair ascent?

A

Early SLA: facilitates knee flexion to clear. Turns off in TSw as quads come on

23
Q

what is gastroc/soleus doing during SLA stair ascent?

A

early SLA: increased activation to transfer body weight to leading limb

24
Q

what is anterior tib doing during SLA stair ascent?

A

as foot lifts: dorsiflexion for foot clearance

25
Q

what are vastii & hip extensors doing during SLA stair ascent?

A

late SLA: active in preparatin for WA

26
Q

what is our biggest concern with descending stairs?

A

not falling down

27
Q

what do we need to control with going down stairs?

A

control the rate of descent

28
Q

where does the biggest mobility demand come from when going down stairs?

A

the knee -(quads) flexion ROM and muscle control

29
Q

where does the second biggest mobility come from when going down stairs?

A

ankle dorsiflexion - fulcrum for modification of limb alignment

30
Q

where does the lowest mobility demand come from when going down stairs?

A

hip - assists with lowering of body and advancing limb

31
Q

At stair descent, WA, what does the ankle do?

A
  • forefoot contact followed by rapid loading
  • ankle 20° PF –> 10° DF
  • controlled lowering of body and shock absorption
32
Q

at stair descent, WA, what does the knee do?

A
  • 10-15° FL
  • knee extensors active
33
Q

at stair descent, WA, what does the hip do?

A

hip is stabilized at 20* FL
- peak glute max, glute med, and TFL

34
Q

which limb has primary control of descent in SLS?

A

stance limb

35
Q

At stair descent, SLS, what does the ankle do?

A
  • reaches 20° DF
  • TA and soleus co-contract to provide stable base & restrain descent
36
Q

at stair descent, SLS, what does the knee do?

A

knee extensors function to control rate of lowering HAT

37
Q

at stair descent, SLS, what does the hip do?

A

hip flexion increases to lower HAT & opposite limb

38
Q

At stair descent, SLA, what does the ankle do?

A
  • 20° DF –> 5° DF –> 0° –> 20° PF
  • initial PF motion from 20DF to 5DF due to elastic recoil in PF muscles
  • peak TA activity at ISw to achieve 0°, followed by 20°PF @ end of SLA
  • co-contract of PF and DF prepare to stabilize for WA
39
Q

at stair descent, SLA, what does the knee do?

A
  • peak 105-110° needed
  • controlled by vastus lateralis initially
  • once foot cleared, knee progressively extends
  • hammies come on during ISw to control rate of knee ext. and positioning of leg on next step
  • vastii & rec fem activity to prepare for loading in WA
40
Q

at stair descent, SLA, what does the hip do?

A
  • peak 40° FL needed
  • gradual decrease to 20° for IC
  • hammie activity starts during initial swing and continues
  • hip extensors prepare for demands of WA
41
Q

for stair ascending/descending, what are some environmental external influences?

A
  • stair height, depth, steepness
  • ROM and max. flexion angles of hip, knee, and ankles (these all increase w/ steeper steps)
42
Q

for stair ascending/descending, what are some human anthropometric external influences?

A
  • human height
    • (shorter peeps use more knee flexion during ascent compared to taller) and
      have faster stair cadence
  • age

Human Gait (21 decks)

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