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Human Gait > Running Injuries > Flashcards

Running Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

how many foot strikes are there per mile?

A

1k - 1.7k

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2
Q

what % of runners sustain an injury within a 1yr period?

A

70%

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3
Q

what are the most common running injuries?

A
  • patellar pain syndrome
  • tibial stress syndrome
  • achilles tendonitis
  • plantar fasciitis
  • ITB syndrome
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4
Q

what is the most common site of LE injuries in runners?

A
  • knee (7.2 - 50%)
  • foot (5.7-39.3%)
  • thigh (3.4-38.1%)
  • lower leg (9.0-32.2%)
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5
Q

what is the most common site of chronic running injury?

A

anterior knee pain // extensor mechanism of the knee

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6
Q

what does the extensor mechanism of the knee do at IC?

A

absorbs 42% of energy
is up to 5x higher during running vs walking
places much greater stress on quads muscles/tendons and patellar ligament

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7
Q

difference between Osgood-Schlatter’s and Sinding-Larsen-Johansson?

A

OGS: pain at tibial tuberosity
SLJ: pain at inferior pole of patella

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8
Q

why is PFJP (patellofemoral joint pain) increased in female runners?

A
  • increased hip width
  • increased hip adduction
  • increased femoral IR coupled w/ Add
  • increased Q angle and TF valgus
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9
Q

what does a medial heel whip look like?

A
  • heel is pointed medially at toe off
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10
Q

what does a lateral heel whip look like?

A

heel is pointed laterally at toe off

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11
Q

what are causes of a medial heel whip?

A
  • weak hip IRs
  • tight hip ERs
  • tight ITBs
  • lacking DF to clear toes
  • hamstring imbalance (weaker medial vs lateral)
  • improper footwear
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12
Q

what are causes of a lateral heel whip?

A
  • weak hip ERs
  • tight hip IRs
  • tight add. magnus
  • hamstring imbalance (weaker lateral vs medial)
  • weak hip ext / lacking hip ext. ROM
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13
Q

characteristics of a flat foot (pes planus)?

A
  • tend to have foot hypermobility
  • predisposed to over-pronation
  • foot remainds pronated, unstable during toe off
  • center of weight shifted to medial portion of foot
  • ***increased medial foot, leg, and knee stress from excessive internal tibial rotation
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14
Q

what is a flat foot more at risk for injury wise?

A

foot absorbs greater stress
- post. tib. tendonitis
- anterior knee pain
- shin splints
- achilles tendonitis
- metatarsal stress fx

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15
Q

characteristics of a high-arch foot (pes cavus)?

A
  • tend to have reduced forfoot mobility
  • predisposed to under-pronation
  • foot remainds in supinated, rigid, position during pronation phase
  • center of weight remainds on lateral portion of foot
  • reduced shock absorption
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16
Q

what is a high-arch foot more at risk for injury wise?

A

foot may be more rigid
- tibial (shin) stress fx
- lateral hip, knee, and/or ankle pain
- ITB syndrome
- 5th metatarsal stress fx

17
Q

what causes ITB syndrome?

A

friction between ITB and lateral femoral condyle

18
Q

how does ITB syndrome present?

A

tenderness in region of distal ITB

19
Q

what does the ITB do in activity?

A

grf produces external varus movement, so ITB stabilizes knee against this w TFL/glut med and generates internal valgus movement to maintain upright position

20
Q

when is there peak valgus moment from the ITB in running?

A

peak valgus moment is 2.5x greater and when knee is at point of max stance-phase flexion (45°)

21
Q

what is the presenting symptom for achilles tendinopathy?

A

pain/tenderness along course of tendon

22
Q

what is the range of peak forces in the achilles tendon during MSt?

A

6-8x BW

23
Q

what causes achilles tendon injuries?

A

active muscle forces that occur during MSt rather than impact forces that occur at IC

24
Q

what is the most common presenting symptom of plantar fasciitis?

A

pain, especially on rising in morning
tenderness along course of plantar fascia or at origin on medial aspect of calcaneal tuberosity

25
Q

when is stress highest in plantar fascia?

A

can be as high as 3.5x BW during MSt when most of WB forces transferred from hindfoot to met heads

26
Q

what predisposes someone to increase risk of plantar fasciitis / stress or injury?

A

excessive pronation, which increases traction along medial plantar fascia

27
Q

what are some causative factors in running injuries?

A
  • high mileage
  • previous running injury
  • change in running surface
  • sudden change in distance
  • foot type
  • biomechanics
  • type and age of running shoes
28
Q

what are some prevention factors in running injuries?

A
  • surface
  • frequency
  • mileage modulation
  • speed work
  • shoes/orthotics
29
Q

how do orthotics help someone?

A
  • reduce frequency of movement related disorders
  • correct skeletal alignment
  • increase cushioning
  • increase comfort

Human Gait (21 decks)

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