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Human Gait > Intro to Normal Gait > Flashcards

Intro to Normal Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the kinetics of gait?

A

Center of Mass, Ground Reaction Forces, Joint Moments/Torques, Center of Pressure

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2
Q

What makes up normal gait energetics?

A

Work, Energy, Power

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3
Q

What is the Center of Mass?

A

Point where all mass of body is assumed to be concentrated

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4
Q

What is the Ground Reaction Force?

A

Force exerted by the ground on a body in contact with it

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5
Q

What are the three components of the GRF?

A

Vertical, Anterior/Posterior, Medial/Lateral

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6
Q

What are the internal forces of movement?

A

Active - muscles, ligaments, working against gravity // Passive - non-contractile tissues

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7
Q

What are the external forces of movement?

A

Gravity, external weights

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8
Q

To understand forces of movement, you also need to understand what 3 things?

A

Magnitude of the torque, Direction of the force, and Point of Application (insertion of working muscle to fight the force)

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9
Q

What is internal torque created by?

A

muscles and soft tissues

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10
Q

What is external torque created by?

A

GRFs

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11
Q

How do you define torque?

A

The direction of it (CW/CCW), and axis/point of rotation

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12
Q

How to determine the direction of a torque?

A

based on joint position in relation to the GRF

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13
Q

What are sagittal plane forces?

A

flexion - extension

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14
Q

what are frontal plane forces?

A

abduction - adduction / valgus - varus / inversion - eversion

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15
Q

what are transverse plane forces?

A

rotational torque

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16
Q

Movements for open-chain knee flexion?

A

free limb, tibia on femoral

17
Q

movements for closed-chain knee flexion?

A

fixed limb, femoral on tibia

18
Q

What is Center of Pressure? (CoP)

A

point of application of GRF vector / not a point of greatest force/pressure

19
Q

What are the 3 systems of balance input?

A

vision, vestibular, and somatosensory

20
Q

What are the requirements of balance applied to gait?

A

Postural Orientation and Postural Equilibrium

21
Q

What does Postural Orientation involve?

A

active alignment of trunk and head with respect to gravity, support surfaces, visual surroundings, and any internal references

22
Q

What does Postural Equilibrium involve?

A

coordinating movement strategies to stabilize the CoM during self-initiated and externally triggered disturbances of stability

23
Q

How does Visual Input contribute to gait?

A

visual flow cues help us determine our speed of locomotion, influence alignment of body with reference to gravity and environment

24
Q

How does Vestibular Input contribute to gait?

A

otolith organs detect angle of head with respect to rotation, stability of head in sagittal plane, vertical reference for control of trunk in space

Human Gait (21 decks)

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