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Human Gait > Pathological Gait > Flashcards

Pathological Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What is Antalgic Gait?

A

presence of pain through stance phase

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2
Q

How does Antalgic Gait present?

A

shortened stance time on painful side
shorter step length on uninvolved side
trunk lurch to involved side
decreased heelstrike to limit jarring and loading of limb
decreased transfer of weight to forefoot or toes

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3
Q

What is Arthrogenic Gait?

A

gait reasulting from knee or hip lacking ROM, may be painful or pain-free.
inadequate hip/knee flexion during LR –> stance/swing

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4
Q

How does Arthrogenic Gait present?

A

Compensated through increased PF of stance foot (vaulting)
Increased DF and Hip Flexion and/or circumduction of affected limb to advance

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5
Q

What is Ataxic Gait?

A

staggering and unsteadiness or uncoordinated limb advancement during swing
due to inability to stabilize the trunk/pelvis during SLS

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6
Q

How does Ataxic Gait present?

A

Usually a wide BOS and exaggerated movements
May have slapping of feet and intent watching of feet for those with decreased sensory/proprioception

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7
Q

What is Equinus Gait?

A

High steps on plantarflexed foot
Due to increased gastroc/soleus activity

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8
Q

How does Equinus Gait present?

A

may have decreased heel strike and loss of shock absorbing knee flexion

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9
Q

What is Toe Walking and what are examples?

A

toe walking is walking on forefoot/tip toes.
congential contracture, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, idiopathic toe walking, tethered spinal cord

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10
Q

What happens with gait and Toe Walking?

A

loss of ankle rocker which leads to a loss of momentum

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11
Q

What is Crouch Gait?

A

Excessive bilateral hip and knee flexion, plantarflexion, and anterior pelvic tilt

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12
Q

How does Crouch Gait present?

A

excessive flexor activity at hip/knee 2° inappropriate timing/contractures
Ankle DF/PF could vary between flexible - rigid

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13
Q

How does Parkinsonian Gait present?

A
  • bilateral small, slow, shuffling steps
  • short stride/step length
  • initial contact foot-flat
  • minimal foot clearance
  • trunk/neck flexed forward
  • difficulty with turns
  • freezing during gait
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14
Q

What is Hemiparetic Gait?

A

decreased hip/knee flexion, or dorsiflexion in swing limb due to LE extensor tone

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15
Q

How does Hemiparetic Gait present?

A

Circular/Circumductive motion of abduction, external rotation, and pelvic elevation to advance limb during swing phase
may have lateral trunk lean
slow cadence with absent plantarflexor recoul

circumduction can be seen as a gait deviation when CVA is not present

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16
Q

How does Steppage Gait present?

A
  • feet and toes are lifted and advanced through increased hip and knee flexion
  • due to weakness in dorsiflexors
  • foot will slap the ground heel first or foot-flat at initial contact due to lack of pretibial control
17
Q

What is Scissoring Gait?

A

Adduction of swing limb during swing phase of gait cycle

18
Q

How does Scissoring Gait present?

A
  • stiff movement
  • narrow BOS
  • crossing of midline for limb advancement
  • may* require increased hip/knee flexion
19
Q

What is Scissoring Gait a result of?

A

increased adductor tone or spastic paralysis or hip adductors

20
Q

What is Vaulting Gait?

A

elevation of COM via plantarflexion of the stance limb to allow advancement of contralateral limb

21
Q

What is Waddling Gait?

A

Wide BOS w/ duck-like waddle/marked body swing

22
Q

How does Waddling Gait present?

A
  • Posterior trunk lean w/ increased lordosis
  • compensation to keep COG over BOS (stance)
  • seen in pregnancy or severe hip/thigh weakness
23
Q

What is Lurch (Gluteus Maximus) Gait?

A
  • posterior trunk thrust at IC to maintain hip extension
    - keeps COG behind hip joint at LR - HAT does not flex forward
24
Q

What is Psoatic Limp Gait?

A

hip flexor weakness

25
Q

How does Psoatic Limp Gait present?

A
  • lateral rotation, flexion, and abduction of swing limb
  • exaggerated movements of pelvis and trunk to assist thigh into flexion
26
Q

How does Leg Length Discrepancy - Short Leg Gait present?

A
  • pelvic drop with compensatory lateral trunk shift to affected side
  • may see contralateral hip hike to assist w/ foot clearance

*also referred to as painless osteogenic gait

27
Q

What is Trendelenburg Gait?

A

Contralateral pelvic drop with lateral protrusion of affected hip

28
Q

How does Trendelenburg Gait present?

A
  • compensatory lateral trunk shift and weight shift to affected side
29
Q

What is Trendelenburg Gait caused by?

A
  • weakness or paralysis of hip abductors
    - glute med/min innervated by superior gluteal nerve
30
Q

How does Pain affect gait?

A
  • swelling deforms joints into their loose pack position
  • pain reduces activity, producing weakness
31
Q

how does spasticity (hypertonicity) impair gait?

A

it impairs selective control
- inappropriate muscle activation when lengthened
- obstructs yielding of eccentric muscle action during stance

32
Q

how does strength impact gait?

A

impaired if using <3/5 strength –> have no endurance 2° functioning at a 100% strength level

33
Q

how do deformities affect gait?

A

contractures affect normal position

34
Q

how does proprioception impairment affect gait?

A
  • use of active motor control to substitute by locking the knee or slapping the floor during initial contact
  • muscle weakness + sensory loss = slow and cautious gait, slower compensations
35
Q

how do motion disorders affect gait?

A

excessive motions influence control of movement

36
Q

how does inadequate balance affect gait?

A

may limit gait speed, require assistive devices, increase fall risk

37
Q

How does deconditioning present?

A
  • decreases VO2 max
  • atrophy of peripheral musculoskeletal structures
  • decline in stroke volume and cardiac output
  • increased resting and exercising HR

Human Gait (21 decks)

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