Pathological Gait Flashcards
What is Antalgic Gait?
presence of pain through stance phase
How does Antalgic Gait present?
shortened stance time on painful side
shorter step length on uninvolved side
trunk lurch to involved side
decreased heelstrike to limit jarring and loading of limb
decreased transfer of weight to forefoot or toes
What is Arthrogenic Gait?
gait reasulting from knee or hip lacking ROM, may be painful or pain-free.
inadequate hip/knee flexion during LR –> stance/swing
How does Arthrogenic Gait present?
Compensated through increased PF of stance foot (vaulting)
Increased DF and Hip Flexion and/or circumduction of affected limb to advance
What is Ataxic Gait?
staggering and unsteadiness or uncoordinated limb advancement during swing
due to inability to stabilize the trunk/pelvis during SLS
How does Ataxic Gait present?
Usually a wide BOS and exaggerated movements
May have slapping of feet and intent watching of feet for those with decreased sensory/proprioception
What is Equinus Gait?
High steps on plantarflexed foot
Due to increased gastroc/soleus activity
How does Equinus Gait present?
may have decreased heel strike and loss of shock absorbing knee flexion
What is Toe Walking and what are examples?
toe walking is walking on forefoot/tip toes.
congential contracture, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, idiopathic toe walking, tethered spinal cord
What happens with gait and Toe Walking?
loss of ankle rocker which leads to a loss of momentum
What is Crouch Gait?
Excessive bilateral hip and knee flexion, plantarflexion, and anterior pelvic tilt
How does Crouch Gait present?
excessive flexor activity at hip/knee 2° inappropriate timing/contractures
Ankle DF/PF could vary between flexible - rigid
How does Parkinsonian Gait present?
- bilateral small, slow, shuffling steps
- short stride/step length
- initial contact foot-flat
- minimal foot clearance
- trunk/neck flexed forward
- difficulty with turns
- freezing during gait
What is Hemiparetic Gait?
decreased hip/knee flexion, or dorsiflexion in swing limb due to LE extensor tone
How does Hemiparetic Gait present?
Circular/Circumductive motion of abduction, external rotation, and pelvic elevation to advance limb during swing phase
may have lateral trunk lean
slow cadence with absent plantarflexor recoul
circumduction can be seen as a gait deviation when CVA is not present
How does Steppage Gait present?
- feet and toes are lifted and advanced through increased hip and knee flexion
- due to weakness in dorsiflexors
- foot will slap the ground heel first or foot-flat at initial contact due to lack of pretibial control
What is Scissoring Gait?
Adduction of swing limb during swing phase of gait cycle
How does Scissoring Gait present?
- stiff movement
- narrow BOS
- crossing of midline for limb advancement
- may* require increased hip/knee flexion
What is Scissoring Gait a result of?
increased adductor tone or spastic paralysis or hip adductors
What is Vaulting Gait?
elevation of COM via plantarflexion of the stance limb to allow advancement of contralateral limb
What is Waddling Gait?
Wide BOS w/ duck-like waddle/marked body swing
How does Waddling Gait present?
- Posterior trunk lean w/ increased lordosis
- compensation to keep COG over BOS (stance)
- seen in pregnancy or severe hip/thigh weakness
What is Lurch (Gluteus Maximus) Gait?
- posterior trunk thrust at IC to maintain hip extension
- keeps COG behind hip joint at LR - HAT does not flex forward
What is Psoatic Limp Gait?
hip flexor weakness
