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ingilizce > Toefl Vocab 5Th Textbook (Cram) > Flashcards

Toefl Vocab 5Th Textbook (Cram) Flashcards

1
Q

flux

n.

A

a situation in which things are changing a lot and you cannot be sure what will happen

  • Everything is in flux at the moment.
  • The education system is still in a state of flux.
  • Because our son is sick, our vacation plans are in flux
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2
Q

doctrine

n.

doctrinal (adj.)

A

a set of beliefs that form an important part of a religion or system of ideas:

  • traditional doctrines of divine power
  • Marxist doctrine

also. a formal statement by a government about its future plans (maybe between countries)

  • the announcement of the Truman Doctrine
  • The Monroe doctrine of 1823 says that no foreign power may create a colony on the American continents.
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3
Q

riparian

adj.

A

(a person) who owns land on the bank of a natural watercourse or body of water. (law); of, relating to, or situated on the banks of a river.

  • All the riparian states must sign an agreement.
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4
Q

riverbank

A

the side of a river, esp. land, holding water back from the area around the river

nehir kıyısı

  • When the Mississippi overflowed its riverbanks, many towns were flooded with water.
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5
Q

appreciable

adj.

A

capable of increasing (in value)

  • We bought an appreciable piece of property
    also. large enough to be noticed or considered important

significant

  • There’s no appreciable change in the patient’s condition.

—appreciably adv.

  • The two plans are not appreciably different.
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6
Q

to diminish

A

to become or make something become smaller or less; to lessen in force

reduce

  • The need to take action has diminished.
  • These drugs diminish blood flow to the brain.

**+ **to deliberately make someone or something appear less important or valuable than they really are

  • Don’t let him diminish your achievements.
    _diminishing returns :_ when the profits or advantages you are getting from something stop increasing in relation to the effort you are making
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7
Q

to contaminate

A

to make unclean, impure, unfit for use or consumption

  • The drinking water was contaminated with gasoline.
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8
Q

to confine

A

to keep within certain limits (sth to sth)

to restrict

  • You should stop making jokes and confine your attention to what the teacher is saying.

(to confine yourself to (doing) something)

  • Owen did not confine himself to writing only one type of poem.
    2. hapsetmek
  • Any soldier who leaves his post will be confined to barracks
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9
Q

navigable

adj.

A

sufficiently deep or wide to provide passage for vessels, ships

navigability n.

  • navigable waters
  • a navigable river.
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10
Q

vessel

n.

A

1 a tube that carries fluid

  • the blood vessels

2 a container, such as a cup

  • a vessel used in religious services

3 a ship:

  • Cargo vessels sail the Atlantic.
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11
Q

precedence

n.

A

greater importance

priority

  • My family’s health takes precedence over my job.
  • Do we want a society where appearance takes precedence over skill or virtue?
  • Guests were seated in order of precedence.
  • Safety must be given precedence.
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12
Q

implement

n.

A

a tool, especially one used for outdoor physical work

  • With the right implements, I can unlock a door without a key.
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13
Q

modification

n.

A

a change

  • Architects made modifications in the building by taking down walls to make larger rooms.
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14
Q

dispute

n.

A

1 an argument, quarrel

  • The couple had a dispute over money.

2 a lawsuit (dava) , court case

  • The two landowners have a dispute over water rights.
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15
Q

prior

adj.

A

earlier, previous

  • A prior engagement prevented me from accepting the invitation.
  • No prior knowledge of Spanish is required for this course.
  • Vegetarian meals are provided by prior agreement.
  • The society must give customers prior notice before changing the cost.
  • The bomb exploded without any prior warning

prior to something: (formal) before

  • All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.
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16
Q

exclusive

adj.

A

belonging to one person, company, or contract, and not shared

  • Our company has the exclusive rights to distribute that product.
  • exclusive access/rights/use etc*
  • Our figure skating club has exclusive use of the rink on Mondays.
  • exclusive report/interview/coverage etc*
  • Tune in to our exclusive coverage of Wimbledon.
  • exclusive to*
  • This offer is exclusive to readers of The Sun.
    2. exclusive places, organizations, clothes etc are so expensive that not many people can afford to use or buy them:
  • Bel Air is an exclusive suburb of Los Angeles.
  • an exclusive girls’ school
    1. mutually exclusive* if two things are mutually exclusive, you cannot have or do both of them:
  • Lesbianism and motherhood are not mutually exclusive.
    1. exclusive of something* not including something [≠ inclusive of something]:
  • Our prices are exclusive of sales tax.
    5. concerned with only one thing:
  • The committee’s exclusive focus will be to improve public transportation.
  • exclusivity, exclusiveness n.*
  • the exclusivity of private education
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17
Q

to prevail

A

to win, triumph, be successful in the end

  • Our team prevailed over our rival in a tough game.
  • I was going to have dessert, but good sense prevailed and I didn’t eat it.
  • Justice will prevail.
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18
Q

administrator

A

a person who supervises or manages

  • She is an administrator in the Department of Health.
19
Q

to override

A

to set aside, ignore

  • The Congress overrode the President’s objection and passed the law.
20
Q

utilitarian

adj.

A

useful, designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive.

functional

  • That old car is of little utilitarian value.
  • ugly utilitarian buildings
  • Department stores do stock lots of bras in ‘plus’ sizes, but they tend to be ugly, utilitarian and practical bras designed for an older clientele.”
21
Q

to determine

A
  1. to find out the facts about something

belirlemek, establish

  • Investigators are still trying to determine the cause of the fire.
  • The aim of the inquiry was to determine what had caused the accident.
  1. to conclude, decide
    * The judge determined that the defendant was guilty.
22
Q

to abandon

A

terketmek

  • We abandoned the project because it was too expensive.
23
Q

to abut

A

if one piece of land or a building abuts another, it is next to it or touches one side of it (also+on)

to adjoin

  • The bathroom adjoins the bedroom.
  • a building abuts another…
  • Their house abutted (onto) the police station.
24
Q

to reflect on

A

to affect the quality or reputation of sth.

  • Students who do well on exams reflect well on their teachers.

2 (reflect on/upon so/sth) to influence people’s opinion of someone or something, especially in a bad way

  • If my children are rude, that reflects on me as a parent.
25
Q

to vary

A

if several things of the same type vary, they are all different from each other

to differ

  • Airfares vary from one airline to another.
  • Test scores vary from school to school.
  • The heights of the plants vary from 8 cm to 20 cm
26
Q

controversial

adj.

A

causing a lot of disagreement, because many people have strong opinions about the subject being discussed

  • Religion and politics are very personal and controversial subjects.
  • a highly controversial (=very controversial) plan to flood the valley in order to build a dam.
27
Q

precedent

n.

A

an example that allows similar future actions, a custom

case study, geçmiş örnek olay

  • When the principal wore blue jeans to school on Friday, it set a precedent for others to do that too.
  • a legal precedent
  • precedents for what courts will accept as ‘fair’
  • There’s not much precedent for men taking leave when their baby is born.
  • An epidemic on this scale is without precedent.

to break with precedent (=do something in a new way)

28
Q

hypothesis

n.

A

an unproved assumption

theory

  • His statement is simply a hypothesis.
  • One hypothesis is that the victim fell asleep while driving.

+ to prove/test/support etc a hypothesis:

  • We hope that further research will confirm our hypothesis.
  • The authors reject the hypothesis about unemployment contributing to crime.
29
Q

to glide

A
  1. to fly through the air without power, without moving its wings, without using an engine

süzülmek

  • Birds and kites glide in the air.
    2. to move smoothly and quietly, as if without effort

(+ across/over/down etc)

  • couples gliding over the dancefloor
    3. to do or achieve things easily
  • Kennedy seemed to glide through life.
30
Q

cursorial

A

having limbs adapted for running, as certain birds, insects, etc.

/k3rsırayıl/

  • Their decline accelerated during the Oligocene and coincided with the rise of another group of large herbivorous and cursorial mammals, the artiodactyls
31
Q

inference

n.

A

an educated guess based on some information

çıkarım, sonuç, netice

  • I made an inference about the child’s height when I met her tall parents
  • What inferences can we draw from this?
32
Q

analysis

n.

A

work done to find facts and solutions to problems, a study

  • We did an analysis of the problem and proposed solutions to it.
  • a detailed analysis
  • A sample of soil was sent for analysis.
33
Q

specimen

n.

A

fluid or tissue from the body, taken for medical testing; a small amount of a substance, such as blood, that is used for a test

numune

  • a sample a blood specimen.
    2. an animal, plant, etc used as an example of its type, especially for scientific study
  • This is one of the museum’s finest specimens
34
Q

equivalent

adj.

/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

A

equal, the same

  • The two computers are ________ in speed.
  • The UK’s Brit Awards are roughly equivalent to the Oscars.
35
Q

infer

A

to guess by having some information I _____ from your smile that you are happy.

36
Q

intermediate

A

between or in the middle of two extreme points, such as highest and lowest, or beginning and end She took swimming lessons last year and is now in an ___________ class.

37
Q

phase

A

a period of time within a longer process of change, a stage of development The time you spend in high school is an important _____ of your education.

38
Q

to infer

A

to guess by having some information

  • I infer from your smile that you are happy.
39
Q

proponent

adj.

/prəʊˈpəʊnənt/

A

a supporter, s.o. who favors s.t.

  • That Senator is a proponent of lowering taxes.
  • a proponent of nuclear energy
40
Q

intermediate

adj.

/ˌɪntərˈmiːdiət/

A

between or in the middle of two extreme points, such as highest and lowest, or beginning and end

  • She took swimming lessons last year and is now in an intermediate class.
41
Q

to flap

A

to move up and down, or sideways

  • Birds flap their wings.
  • The curtains were flapping around in the breeze. (2)
  1. to become worried or excited about something, telaşlanmak
    * Don’t flap! We’ve got plenty of time to get to the airport.
42
Q

to swat

A

to strike with a flat object or the hand, especially an insect

  • She swatted the flies with an old newspaper.
43
Q

notorious

adj.

/nəʊˈtɔːriəs/

A

well–known, famous, esp. for s.t. bad

  • The film star was notorious for her wild living.
  • a notorious criminal
  • She was notorious for her bad temper.
  • notoriously adv.*
  • Mount Everest is a notoriously difficult mountain to climb.
44
Q

limb

n.

/lɪm/

A

an arm, leg, or wing of an animal or a person

  • Diabetes limits blood circulation in the limbs.
  • a large branch of a tree

ingilizce (11 decks)

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