Barron's 175 Words (Cram) Flashcards
bring about
phr. v.
to cause to happen; produce an effect
cause, lead to, result in
- The creation of a national railroad system brought about big changes in the economy of the Midwest and west.
acute
adj.
adj. having the characteristics of being very serious or intense; reaching the point of crisis
critical, crucial, desperate
- Natural disasters often produce acute needs for medicine, food and water.
apparent
adj.
easily seen or perceived; easily understood
clear–cut, evident, obvious
- The apparent failure of dinosaurs to adjust to changes in the weather caused their extinction.
attribute
(noun)
an identifying characteristic or feature of something
aspect, trait, quality
One of Thomas Edison’s most famous attributes was his persistence.
dwelling
n.
a building where one resides
abode, home, lodging
- The Hopi Indians carved their dwellings into large stone cliffs.
to encompass
to contain or include certain parts
consist of, contain, embody
- The field of linguistics encompasses the areas of social, applied and theoretical language study.
every so often
adv. exp
referring to events that occur occasionally or at no specific time
every now and then, once in a while, now and again
sık sık
- Every so often the Colima volcano in Mexico sends huge clouds of smoke into the air.
to contrast
to point out differences between two or more things or people by comparing the characteristics of each
balanced against, compared to, distinguished from
- In the 1960s, suburban growth, contrasted with that of urban areas, showed a movement away from cities.
to get rid of
to discard, to cast aside, to reject
dispose of, throw away, discard
- Medieval authorities generally got rid of the belief that the world was round.
indicative of
adj.
serving as proof or a symbol of something
evidence of, representative of, verification of
- The students’s lab results were indicative of the high quality of their research methods and their creative problem–solving strategies.
to melt
to change from a solid state to a liquid state
liquefy,thaw
- Water melts at temperatures above 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
heyday
n.
the high point of power, success or popularity
apex, pinnacle, zenith
The West experienced its nineteenth century economic heyday during the famous California gold rush of the 1840s.
to portray
to describe someone or something in a specific way
depict, render, represent
- Some historians portray the development of the Internet as one of the most important scientific advancements of the twentieth century.
to put on the back burner
exp.
to postpone to a future time
defer, delay, suspend
- Due to lack of funding, the transportation project was put on the back burner.
recover
v.
to rebuild or return to a previous condition or state
recoup, recuperate, regain
- The economy recovered its strength after a long period of poor economic growth.
slender
adj.
the quality of being thin
slim, skinny
- Snakes have long, slender bodies
staple
adj.
a principal ingredient or major element of something
chief, essential, prime
- Corn, beans and squash were staple foods of the Hopi Indian diet.
to take on
to take the first steps in doing something
initiate, commence, undertake
- Because of the doctor’s busy schedule, she is not sure if she should take on another research project.
user–friendly
adj.
referring to something that is easy to use, learn or operate
simple, uncomplicated
- User–friendly computer programs are the most popular in today’s software marketplace.
to broaden
to increase a person’s knowledge, experience or interests
enlarge, expand, widen
- The transcontinental railway system, completed in 1869, broadened the possibility for economic growth in all parts of the country.
to check out
to determine if something is correct or true; to examine carefully
examine, investigage, research
- During a trip to Pery, archaeologist Johan Reinhard discovered a frozen female mummy while checking out what he thought was a mountain climber’s backpack.
adjacent to
prep.
very close to something; near or next to
adjoining, nearby, neighboring
- Many home buyers prefer houses that are adjacent to park lands
to deny
to insist that something is not true; to not allow something to happen
rebuff, refute, reject
- Opponents of the “greenhouse effect” theory deny that human activity could cause a major change in the Earth’s climate.
dim
adj
not bright; lacking light; being weak
faint, soft, weak
- The dim light of the setting sun gave a peaceful feeling to the evening.
easygoing
adj
not easily bothered; peaceful
carefree, relaxed, laid–back, tasasız
- The engineer’s easygoing personality makes him an ideal team leader.
to factor in
to consider or include information used to make conclusions
add in, include, incorporate
- The price of raw material and the costs of production and transportation are factored in to the store price of an item.
to gather
to collect or come together
assemble, congregate, meet
- On August 28, 1963, more than 100,000 citizens gathered in Washington to demonstrate their support for civil rights.
life span
n.
the amount of time that a living thing is expected to live
lifetime, natural life
- The average life span of people born in the twenty–first century is more than double that of people who were born in the nineteenth century.
minuscule
adj.
being of very small size
diminutive, minute, tiny
- Camels require only minuscule amounts of water, with many living up to six months in cooler seasons without taking a drink.
radical
adj.
causing fundamental, basic change that results in something very different from the original thing or idea
complete, thorough, total
- In general, human beings dislike radical changes.
to render
to cause something to change or develop in a certain way
cause to be, develop into, make
kılmak,hale getirmek
- Pure ice is completely clear, but if air bubbles are present, they render it cloudy
v2. to melt the fat of an animal as you cook it: - Steam the goose to render some of the fat.
to run into
to meet, sometimes unexpectedly
come across, encounter, meet
- Scientists have run into many challenges in their efforts to produce an alternative to the gas–powered automobile motor.
sole
adj.
the only one of its kind
exclusive, lone, single
- At his death in 1959, Walter Williams, who was 117 years old, was the sole survivor of the four million soldiers who fought in the US Civil War.
worthwhile
adj.
having value in doing sth or being of benefit
meaningful, useful, valuable,rewarding
- While preparing for the TOEFL, it is worthwhile to work on building a large English vocabulary.
to stem from
to have its origins in; to develop from a specific condition or situation
arise form, develop from, originate from
- Cancun, Mexico is a famous resort city whose popularity among tourists stems from its ideal climate and beautiful beaches.
to surpass
to exceed expectations; to become greater or better
better, exceed, go beyond
- It is a goal of most teachers to develop students whose knowledge and skills will one day surpass their own abilities.
to take up
to start a new activity or project
embark on*,engage in, start
- Health experts often suggest taking up activities that reduce stress and improve physical condition.
stamina
n.
mental or physical strength spent over a long period of time
endurance, resistance, staying power
- Among the important goals of long–distance runners are those of developing both mental and physical stamina.
to take after
to look or behave like someone else
be similar to, look like, resemble
- The popularity of gorilla exhibits at zoos is due to the fact that their behavior so closely takes after that of human beings
outspoken
adj.
expressing honest opinions directly despite the negative effects they may have on other people
blunt*, candid*, forthright*
- African–American journalist William Monroe Trotter was an outspoken supporter of civil rights in the early twentieth century.
to procure
to obtain something usually something hard to find
acquire, attain, obtain
- A strong password, which cannot be procured by others, should be used to protect important computer files
recognition
n.
praise or appreciation of a person’s work or achievements
acknowledgment, credit, gratitude*
- Vicent van Gogh’s paintings did not receive the recognition that they deserved until well after his death.
to nourish
to give the food or encouragement necessary to grow
to encourage, nurture, support
- Governments tend to nourish a feeling of national identity, but people more often identify with their region than with their country.
to foster
to encourage the development of an idea or policy
** advance, promote, further**
- Respect for the law fosters peace and security in a society.
inasmuch as
conj.
in a limited way something is true
because of the fact that, insofar as, since
- Thomas Edison was persistent, inasmuch as he conducted more than one thousand experiments to create the electric lightbulb until he was successful.
2. used to explain the way in which, what you are saying is true - Ann is guilty, inasmuch as she knew what the others were planning
due to
exp.
as a result of
a consequence of, because of, an account of
- New York City’s success as a center of world commerce and finance is due to its perfect location on the east coast.
to enhance
to increase in value or strength
develop, enrich, improve
- The young teacher’s pleasant personality enhanced her ability to manage her classes.
conspicuous
adj.
easy to observe because it is different or unusual
evident, obvious, noticeable
- The conspicuous absence of rainfall caused farmers to worry about their crops.
to diminish
to make less important or smaller
decrease, lessen, reduce
- New methods of communication will probably diminish the need to use communication devices such as the telephone.
bold
adj.
showing courage or lack of fear
courageous, gallant*, valiant
- The bold leadership style of the president changed the mood of the county’s people.
to attach importance to
to believe that something is important or deserves attention
attribute, ascribe*, confer**
- At first, the residents of Pompei did not attach much importance to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius
beneath
prep.
under
below, under, underneath
- Modern submarines can remain beneath the ocean’s surface for months at a time.
to collaborate (in)
to work together to achieve a certain goal or objective
join forces, pool resources, work together
- Since 1990, large numbers of scientists have collaborated in the recording of the human genome.\n\nRelated:
to aim
the act of setting a mission, goal or objective
endeavor, goal, intention
- One aim of public health care organizations is to offer education programs to the public.
to ascertain
to discover through an investigation; to find out something
determine, establish, verify
- Before the Hublle space telescope was sent into space on April 24, 1990, scientists could not ascertain if black holes actually existed.
decay
n.
been destroyed by natural processes; become less important
atrophy, decomposition, deterioration
- It is a well–known fact that foods high in sugar can cause tooth decay.
to devise
to make a plan designed to achieve a goal or serve a purpose
develop, formulate, plan
- Data from the Mesopotamia civilization show that people had already devised mathematical rules by the year 3100 B.C.\
to exert
to make a strong effort to influence; to cause to happen
apply, exercise, put forth
- Newspapers and magazines exert a lot of influence on a person’s views of world events.
- the moon exerts a force on the Earth
- he needs to exert himself to try to find an answer
shift
n.
changes in the way people think or do things
alteration, change, modification
- Recently, there has been a shift away from hard–wired telephone systems to wireless cellular telephones.
outburst
n.
a sudden and powerful action or expression of emotion
eruption, explosion, outbreak
- Security removed the man whose outbursts of disapproval disturbed the meeting.
to pinpoint
to find the precise location of something
identify, isolate, locate
- The newest Doppler radar systems can pinpoint the location of bad weather.
provided that
exp.
if one event is to happen, then another must also happen
only if, on condition that, providing
- Teachers may work in any state provided that they meet the license requirements set by that state.
nevertheless
adv.
despite what has been mentioned or what has occurred
all the same, nonetheless, on the other hand
- Nursing schools have waiting lists. Nevertheless, a shortage of health care workers is predicted through the year 2020.
to fond of
to like very much
attached to, like, partial to
- Americans are especially fond of three sports: baseball, football and basketball.
to harvest
to collect or gather, especially a crop or seafood
collect, gather, reap
- The blue crap is harvested from the Chesapeake Bay from early spring to late fall.
in the event
exp.
what someone should do in case a specific unexpected event occurs
in case
- In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.
to uphold
to defend or support law, principle or policy
defend, support, sustain
- The Supreme Court either upholds or rejects lower court decisions.
whereas
(adv)
although something is not true of one thing, it is true of another
but, on the other hand, while
Most liquids contract when frozen, whereas water expands.
stable
(adj)
not likely to change; steady
constant, firm, steady
- The stable economic growth of the 1990s created thousands of new jobs across the country
succinct
(adj)
clearly explained with a small number of words7
brief, concise, to the point
- The professor gave a succinct explanation of the Aztec civilization’s influence on Mexican Spanish vocabulary
symbolic
(adj)
representing something else by an association
illustrative, representative
- A county’s national flag is symbolic of its culture and people
thanks to
(exp)
because of
as a result of, due to, on account of
- Thanks to increased spending in drug research, many new medicines and treatments have been developed.\
to unravel
to separate the parts from a whole to make something clear
resolve, solve, sort out
- Scientists have just begun to unravel the mysteries of the human body.
to vanish
to disappear
** fade away, perish**
- Experts cannot agree on why some ships vanish while passing through the Bermuda Triangle
source
the place from which something comes
origin, fount*, root
- Close, positive family relationships are an important source of happiness in life.
struggle
n.
an arduous* fight or effort
battle, effort, labor
- The Boston Tea Party was a key event in the USA’ struggle for independence from England.
proficient
(adj)
thoroughly skilled in doing an activity
capable, competent, skillful
- Language experts believe that learning a third language is easier after becoming proficient in a second language
scattered
(adj)
spread out over a large area; not found in all places
dotted, spread out
- Areas of scattered showers usually arrive long before a hurricane reaches land.
haphazard
(adj)
done with little or no thought or attention
arbitrarily, carelessly, randomly
- Some cities grow haphazardly because of improper planning
to long for
(exp)
to want something very much
to crave*, desire, yearn for
- During the economic depression of the 1930s, many people longed for a return to the successful years of the 1920s.
moist
(adj)
adj. a little wet
damp, humid, wet
- The fern is a plant that typically grows best under shady, moist conditions.
to emerge
to come from somewhere or someone
appear, become known, materialize
- The sport of soccer emerged from England during the 1830s.
to exceed
to be greater than an expected number or amount
go above, go beyond, surpass*
- The number of professors at the meeting exceeded everyone’s expectations.
firsthand
(adj)
directly from the original source
direct, personal
- Although knowledge of facts and procedures is very important, there is no substitute for firsthand experience.
to advocate
to support or defend a certain way of doing something
promote, support, to back
- Automobile safety groups have advocated seat belt use so successfully that now almost every state has a seat belt law.
barely
(adv)
almost not existing or happening
hardly, just, scarcely
- Most people who went looking for gold in California during the 1840s found barely enough to meet their living expenses.
to conceal
to prevent from being known or seen
cover–up, hide, mask
- The insects known as Walking Sticks use their similarity to tree branches to conceal themselves from predators.
to be prone to
having a natural tendency or likelihood to do something
have a tendency to, be inclined to, likely to
- Many people _are prone to _misunderstand the difficulty of learning a second language.
cohesive
(adj)
closely joined; being together in harmony
consistent, unified, united
- Team sports require cohesive groups of people who are willing to work together to reach a common goal.
confidence
n.
the act of having faith in a person’s ability to do something
belief, faith, trust
- Athletes must have confidence in their ability to reach their training goals.
against one’s will
(exp)
been forced to do something that you do not want to do
forced, involuntarily, unwillingly
- The early colonists paid taxes to England against their will.
ascent
n.
the act of going up or rising
ascension, climb, rise
- Davy Crockett’s popularity made a fast ascent due to his successes as a war hero and politician for the common citizen.
to encounter
to meet something or someone unexpectedly
come across, find, meet
bump into
- When Christopher Columbus encountered native Americans, he believed that he was in India and that the natives were Indian.
to exclude
to keep out or leave out; to omit
eliminate, keep out, shut out
- All bacteria must be excluded from the operating rooms of hospitals to reduce the possibility of infection
to flourish
to grow in a healthy way; to be active and vigorous
burgeon, prosper, thrive
- Hong Kong is an international center of business and finance where free trade flourishes
device
n.
a machine or tool
apparatus, implement, instrument
- Guglielmo Marconi invented a device known as a spark transmitter, which led to the invention of modern radio communication
mixed bag
(exp)
a variety
assortment, combination, variety
- Encyclopedias provide a mixed bag of information on a variety of subjects.
on the spot
(exp)
being at the right place at the exact moment of need
at once, immediately, instantly
- When an emergency situation arises on US highways, help usually arrives on the spot within a short time.
to overlook
to notice or see, but to pretend not to see
ignore, excuse, forgive
- Many managers overlook the mistakes of younger, less experienced employees.
harsh
(adj)
causing excessive pain or suffering; being extremely difficult to deal with
difficult, severe
- Researches have studied the effects of harsh climatic conditions and high altitudes on the human body.
interference
n.
an act of involvement, usually unwanted
obstruction, obstacle
- Solar activity sometimes causes interference in radio communications.
soaring
(adj)
rising very quickly
elevated, high, lofty
- During periods of rising costs, salaries seldom keep up with soaring prices for life’s necessities.
prominent
(adj)
very visible or noticeable; standing out from others
eye–catching, famous, well–known
- The North Star, Polaris, is one of the most prominent stars in the northern sky.
realm
n.
a world or area of activity
dominion, empire, world
- Ants can carry up to fifty times their weight, making them the superstar weightlifters of their realm.
to subscribe to
(exp)
to agree with a principle or idea
accept, agree with, join
- The writers of the Declaration of Independence subscribed to the idea that all people are created equal.
swift
(adj)
fast
fast, rapid, quick
- Jet airplanes provide a means of swift, efficient travel over long distances.
threatening
(adj)
having the characteristic of possibly causing destruction or damage
foreboding, frightening, ominous
- Threatening clouds and lightning are factors that require the postponement of field sporting events.
to think little of
(exp)
to give almost no credit or respect to an idea or person
fail to appreciate, undervalue, underrate
- Most people living in the 1800s thought little of the idea that humans might someday create a flying machine.
turmoil
n.
a situation where there is much trouble, conflict, or worry
chaos, confusion, disorder
- The end of slavery in 1860s brought about much turmoil in the economy of the southern states.
vast
(adj)
extremely large
enormous, gigantic, huge
- Mount Saint Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, creating a vast cloud of ashes that covered a large part of the USA.
to subject to
(exp)
to be most probably affected by something else
conditional on, dependent on
- Farming is always subject to the influence of weather conditions during the growing season.
to float
to discuss an idea among a group of people to get their reactions to the idea
propose, suggest, promote
- Lawmakers floated the idea of the tax increase among their colleagues to get their opinions on the matter.
hardship
n.
something that makes a person’s life difficult, such as health problem or lack of money
adversity, difficulty, suffering
- The United States’ social security system is designed to reduce the financial hardships of citizens during their retirement years.
minute
(adj)
extremely small or unimportant
insignificant, minuscule, tiny
- A minute amount of poison from the Fierce Snake of Australia is enough to kill more than fifty adult humans.
to distinguish
to notice the difference between two similar things or people
discern, identify, recognize
- It is difficult for some people to distinguish the colors red, blue and green.
to empower
to give someone the authority or the right to do something
allow, authorize, sanction
- Modern computers have empowered people to organize their lives and discover new ways to solve problems.
to excel (+in)
to do something very well; to do something much better than most people
- In addition to the Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prizes are awarded to professionals who excel in economics, literature, chemistry, physics and medicine.
courageous
(adj)
showing no fear; not afraid
brave, bold, daring
- Scientist Charles Darwin is known for the courageous theory on the evolution of human beings.
crude
(adj)
not refined, advanced or very well developed
basic, rough, simple
- The first cotton gin, which was a crude machine used to separate cotton from its seeds, was invented by Ely Whitney in 1793.
to barter
to exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using money
** bargain, swap, trade**
- Before the invention of paper money by the Chinese in the eighth century, people bartered to get what they needed.
to afford
to be able to give or provide
allow, give, offer
- Modern day vaccines afford protection from diseases that just thirty years ago caused many people to suffer
to arrange
to put a group of people or things in a special order or position
coordinate, organize, set up
- The Dewey Decimal System arranges library books by dividing all knowledge into ten areas, each with its own specific identifying number.
strain
n.
a difficultly that is caused by too much stress or excessive demands
burden, pressure, stress
- Many airports are not prepared to handle the strain of increased passenger traffic.
surplus
n.
having more of something than is required or needed
excess, extra, spare
- The school system’s budget surplus was used to increase teacher salaries.
to take advantage of
(exp)
a situation or condition that benefits you
exploit, profit from, make the most of
- It is necessary for a country to have an educated work force in order to take advantage of modern technology.
to undertake
to begin a project or a job for which you are responsible
assume, commence, start
- The automobile industry has undertaken studies to find out if hydrogen powered cars can be built and sold at a profit.
to yield
to produce something
to bear, furnish, generate
- A typical beehive can yield up to fifty–five pounds of honey every year.
to be prized for
(exp)
used to refer to the characteristics of something that make it important and valuable
recognized, valued, well–known
- A diamond is prized for its brilliance, clarity and color.
rampant
(adj)
out of control; affecting a large area
uncontrolled, unchecked, widespread
- Rampant price increases cause economic hardships.
to rescue
to save from danger
** liberate, set free**
- The rescue of the crew of the Apollo 13 moon mission was one of the most dramatic in the history of the space program.
to saturate with
to make something wet; to be completely full of something
** douse, drench, soak**
- Dew occurs when warm air, which is fully saturated with water, cools, leaving drops of water on grassy areas.
somewhat
(adv)
a little; just slightly
a bit, to some extent
- The rules of many card games differ somewhat from country to country.
to halt
to stop
discontinue, finish, freeze
- Jonas Salk developed the first vaccine against poliomyelitis, which halted the spread of the serious disease in 1950s.
inhabitant
n.
a person who lives in a specific area
dweller, occupant, resident
- Among the most important early inhabitants of western Alaska were the Eskimo.
to linger
to remain in a place longer than usual
hang back, remain, stay behind
- Even in the summer, snow frequently lingers on the tops of Hawaii’s highest mountains.
misgiving about
n.
a feeling of uncertainty or fear that something will not happen as planned or expected
doubt, hesitation, worry
- As Vice President under Ronald Reagan, George Bush did not discuss his misgivings about the President’s economic plan.
cosmetic
(adj)
something done very quickly, with little attention to quality or detail
baştansağma,hasty, rapid, superficial
- Many home owners make cosmetic repairs to their homes before selling them.
- Many MPs denounced the resolution as a cosmetic exercise
- intended to make your hair, skin, body etc look more attractive
- the cosmetic industry
- cosmetic products
- Are you on the diet for health or cosmetic reasons?
feasible
adj.
likely to happen; possible and probable
realistic, reasonable, viable
- The use of rubber wheels was not feasible until 1839, when Charles Goodyear invented a process that made rubber stronger.
boost
n.
something that causes growth or improvement
enhance, improve, increase
- The landing of a manned spacecraft on the moon in 1969 gave a boost to the United States space program during the 1970s.
burst
n.
an unexpected short period of intense or increased
related: eruption, spurt, surge
- Dolphins can swim at speeds of up to thirty miles per hour, with occasional bursts of up to forty miles per hour.
chore
n.
an activity that is performed regularly especially around the house
duty, job, task
- Before Florence Nightingale improved the image of nursing, the jobs of nurses were considered simple chores for women with little or no education.
blend
n.
a mixture
assortment, combination, mixture
- The population of the USA is a blend of people, language and cultures from all over the world.
to cease
to stop
to conclude, end, finish
- Many scientists agree that the destruction of tropical rain forests must cease in order to protect the earth’s most important producers of oxygen.
to come across
(exp)
to find, usually unintentionally
come upon, encounter, fall upon
- While exploring the Grand Canyon National Park, tourists come across one astounding view after another.
acclaim
n.
something that deserves praise for its high quality or standing
applause, approval, commendation
- Albert Einstein received international acclaim after his theory of relativity was accepted by the Royal Society of London in 1919.
astounding
(adj)
very surprising; unbelievable
amazing, astonishing, surprising
- The amount of water flowing over Niagara Falls is an astounding 600,000 gallons of water per second.
deliberately
(adv)
done on purpose; done with a prior plan
by design, intentionally, purposely
- By using genetic engineering, genes can be deliberately changed to produce new types of fruits and vegetables.
diligent
(adj)
hard–working; paying attention to details
conscientious, meticulous, thorough
- Bertrand Russell was a diligent mathematician and philosopher.
drawback
n.
a disadvantage
downside, problem, shortcoming
- One drawback of electric–powered cars is their short battery life.
to engage in
to participate in an activity
take part in, undertake
- To be well prepared for college, a student should not earn good grades but also engage in after–school activities.
to map
to produce a plan, usually involving many steps
to chart, plot
- In order for students to be successful in their studies, they should map out strategies that will lead them to academic success
noticeably
(adj)
something that is easily seen or understood
clearly, evidently, visibly
- After summer thunderstorms, the air temperature is noticeably cooler.
forefront of
n.
something in the first or highest position
front, head, vanguard
- Japanese auto makers are in the forefront of developing cars that operate on both gas and electricity.
hence
(adv)
as a result; therefore
consequently, thus
- The flowers and leaves of a plant found in Eurasia produce a spray that can be burned; hence the names “gas plant” and “burning bush” were given to the plant
to reveal
to show; to make something known to others
isclose, expose, make public, ?
- fall approaches and trees stop producing chlorophyll, their leaves _reveal their true col_ors: yellow, orange, purple and gold.
to set off
to cause a series of actions to start
to begin, cause, trigger
- The government’s tax cut set off strong consumer spending, hence improving the nation’s economy.
shortage of
n.
something that is not found in sufficient quantities; a lack
deficiency, dearth, scarcity
In many areas of the world there is a shortage of clean drinking water.
outcome of
n.
the result of an action or activity
consequence, effect, end result
- One of the outcomes of the United States Civil War was the end to slavery.
to recall
to remember; to bear in mind
call to mind, recollect, remind
- People who suffer from amnesia cannot recall events of the past.
tangible
(adj)
something that is real; can be sensed
actual, concrete, substantial
- The tangible results of a daily exercise program are increased energy, more flexibility and improved strength.
to urge
to strongly encourage someone to follow a suggestion or advice
compel, drive, push
- The professor urged his students not to wait until the last minute to complete their laboratory work.
wholesome
(adj)
something that is healthy or good for someone (conducive to or suggestive of good health and physical well-being.)
clean, decent, moral
- A wholesome lifestyle improves a person’s quality of life in his or her latter years.,
- the food is plentiful and very wholesome
ample
(adj)
having more than enough of something; sufficient
abundant, plentiful, substantial
- Because farming families of the early 1900s were large, their houses had to have ample living space for all family members.
to apply in
something that is important to or appropriate for a situation
be relevant, pertain to, relate to
- English rules of grammar cannot be applied in all cases due to the fact that there are many exceptions to the rules.
discreetly
(adv)
something done in a quiet, private way with great skill
cautiously,prudently, tactfully
- When a manager must tell an employee that his job has been eliminated, the situation must be handled discreetly.
to eager
to be excited about doing something
enthusiastic, ready, willing
- Harriet Tubman, founder of Underground Railroad, was eager to help slaves escape from their owners and lead them to freedom
landmark
(adj)
an important change, discovery, or event
breakthrough, innovative, milestone
- The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence was a landmark historical event.
to grasp
to come to an understanding
comprehend, follow
- It is very difficult to grasp the enormous size of the galaxy.
to hinder
to block or interfere with a process
hamper, interfere, obstruct
- The unplanned growth of cities often hinders the development of public roads and transportation systems.
to put up with
(exp)
to tolerate; to accept a bad situation without complaining
to bear, endure, suffer
- Immigrants must often put up with difficult adjustments to life in their new land.
ominous
(adj)
being of the feeling that something bad is going to happen
foreboding, menacing, threatening
- One of the ominous signs that a forest is under attack by an insect is the appearance of large groups of dead trees.
to turn into
to become; to turn out to be
to convert into, develop into, grow to be
- After a butterfly pupa breaks out of its cocoon, it turns into a beautiful butterfly.
to withstand
to successfully endure a condition; to accept
survive, tolerate
- Modern jet engines, which can withstand long periods of operation, make trans–Pacific air travel possible.
stature
n.
a certain high standing among other people or things
prominence, rank, status
- John Steinbeck earned stature as a great American author for his ability to describe the real lives of ordinary people of the early 1900s.
to take to
to like something or someone, usually right away
become fond of, enjoy, take pleasure in
- Although life was difficult for the early settlers of the West, they quickly took to their homeland and its lifestyle.
