TOCA Flashcards
dental caries is a ____ disease involving many complex risk and protective factors
it is a localized ______ dissolution of the tooth surface caused by ____ taking place in the _____ covering the affected area
multifactorial
chemical
metabolic events
biofulm
carries is a latin word meaning
rotten
father of modern dentistry
pierre fauchard (reject worms and noted sugar was detrimental to teeth and gingiva)
father of microbiology
antonie van leeuwenhoek
was first to document microscopic observations
first oral microbiologist
willoughby d. miller
formulated chemo-parasitic theory of caries (non specific plaque hypothesis)
proposed oral microorganisms have a role in the development of a variety of diseases at remote sites
miller’s chemoparasitic theory (non-specific plaque hypothesis) [late 19th century]
-caries is caused by acids produced by oral bacterial following fermentation of sugars
-concluded caries due to collective acidogenic properties of plaque bacteria
4 koch’s postulates that show dental caries is infectious disease
-a specific organism can always be found in association w a given disease
-organism can be isolated and grown in pure culture in lab
-pure culture will produce disease when inoculated into a susceptible animal
-possible to recover the organism in pure culture from the experimentally infected animal
paul h keyes
tooth decay caused by a contagious streptococcal infection that becomes active when sugar remains in the mouth too long
requirement for microorganisms (keyes triad)
host
diet
microbes
streptococcus mutans characteristics
-facultative anaerobic (survive in w or w/o oxygen)
-gram positive
-.5-.75 micrometer in diameter
-commonly found in human oral cavity
-significant contributor to dental caries
-first described by james clarke in 1924
20th-century - specific plague hypothesis
streptococcus mutans causes it
ecological plaque hypothesis (21st century)
disease is the result of an imbalance in the total microflora due to ecological stress, resulting in an enrichment of some ‘oral pathogens’ or disease-related micro-organisms
what are the 4 gears in te ecological plaque hypothesis
-host
-environmental change
-ecological shift
-tooth
how do S mutans reach cariogenic levels
-bad beginnings (high exposure during the window of infectivity)
-bad diet (too many sweets and between meal snacks)
-other influences (medication, radiation, poor oral hygiene, low salivary output)
bad beginnings when does the window of infectivity usually happen (2 windows)
-acquisition of S. mutans usually occurs following tooth eruption (primary molars start to errupt ~ 2yrs)
-second window of infectivity around 6 yrs of age (permanent molars)
-colonize tooth fissures
