operative Flashcards
attrition vs abrasion vs abfraction vs erosion
attrition - mechanical wear due to excessive masticatory forces
abrasion - loss of tooth material by mechanical means other than opposing teeth (ex: tooth brushing)
abfraction - loss of tooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces (flexural forces or lateral stresses)
erosion - loss of tooth structure from chemical process
3 characteristics for classifying cavities
-according to location
-according to G.V black cavity classification
-according to activity of carious lesion
according to location (3 areas)
-pits and fissures caries
-smooth surface caries
-root surface caries
class I
(posterior and anterior teeth) [pits and fissures]
-occlusal of molar and premolars
-facial and lingual pits of molars
-lingual pits of maxillary anterior
class II
proximal of posterior teeth
-mesial/and or distal proximal surfaces
-typically include occlusal (MO, DO, MOD)
class III
proximal of anterior teeth
-does not include incisal angle
class IV
inciso-proximal of anterior teeth
-does include incisal angle
class V
gingival 1/3 of facial or lingual of all teeth
class VI
on incisal edge or occlusal cusp tips of all teeth
according to activity of carious lesion types
-active
-inactive (arrested)
ADA caries classification system
visual - tactile examination & bitewing radiography
E0 - No lesion (sound)
E1 - Outer 1/2 of enamel (initial)
E2 - Inner 1/2 of enamel (initial)
D1 - Outer 1/3 of dentin (initial)
D2 - Middle 1/3 of dentin (moderate)
D3 - Inner 1/3 of dentin (advanced)
numbering system of instruments if theres 3#
1st # - width (mm)
2nd # - length (mm)
3rd # - angle of blade to long axis (cm)
numbering system of instruments if there’s 4#
1st # - width (mm)
2nd# - angle of cutting edge to long axis of handle (cm)
3rd # - length (mm)
4th # - angle of blade to long axis (cm)
balanced range for instrument
blade within 2-3 mm of long axis of handle
handle length and diameter
length 5.5in
diameter 5.5 mm
mesial gingival margin trimmer (curved hatchet w angled cutting edge) angle and points inward or outward
2nd # < 90
points inward
distal gingival margin trimmer (curved hatchet w angled cutting edge) and points inward or outward
2nd # > 90
points outward
what instrument uses a pushing movement w cutting edge perpendicular to long axis
(produces a sharp angle and flat floor)
chisel
what is used for planning and scraping enamel walls as well as lateral cutting motion (scraping)
used for smoothening buccal and lingual walls
hatchets
what is used in a pulling movement
blade is perpendicular to long axis of the handle
produces a sharp angle or flat floor
hoe
what is used in a pulling or scrapping movement to remove caries
-rounded cutting edge, double ended
-produces a round or concave area
-can be used to carve amalgam
excavators
available as spoon excavator
what is used to condense restorative materials
-flat ended w various sizes and shapes
condensers (pluggers)
what is used to place, contour, smooth and define anatomy in a composite
vivadent composite placement instrument
what removes excess amalgam or composite in the interproximal areas
sickle shape scaler
