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Dental Fundamentals > Saliva and caries development > Flashcards

Saliva and caries development Flashcards

1
Q

saliva helps maintenance of environment rich in what 2 things

A

Ca2+ and PO4(3-)

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2
Q

how much saliva usually (and how much in the mouth)

A

0.5-1.0 L
0.8-1.2mL

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3
Q

saliva film thickness

A

70-100 um

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4
Q

movement speed of saliva

A

1-8mm/min

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5
Q

extrinsic (major) account for how much secreted saliva on stimulation/ amount of saliva formed

what is it for intrinsic (minor)

A

90% for extrinsic (major)
10% for intrinsic (minor)

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6
Q

what are the extrinsic (major) glands

A

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

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7
Q

what are the extrinsic (major) glands

A

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

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8
Q

what are the intrinsic (minor) glands and do they have ducts

A

buccal glands
labial glands
palatine glands

no ducts

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9
Q

parotid gland serous or mucous and what duct

A

(serous)
stensen’s duct (up to tooth 2/15)

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10
Q

submandibular gland serous or mucous and what duct

A

(mixed)
wharton’s duct

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11
Q

sublingual gland mucous or serous and what duct

A

(mucous)
ducts of rivinus

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12
Q

what makes up serous cells

A

zymogen granules (precursors of amylase)

mostly protein and water
small amounts of carbs

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13
Q

what makes up mucous cells

A

mucin (glycoprotein) when mixed w water forms mucous
high in carbohydrates

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14
Q

saliva secretion is regulated by what system

A

autonomous nervous system

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15
Q

parasympathetic stimulation for saliva

A

water and electrolyte rich saliva

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16
Q

sympathetic stimulation

A

viscous and proline rich saliva

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17
Q

parotoid gland

submandibular and sublingual gland

A

CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve

CN IIV, facial nerve

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18
Q

is isotonic saliva primary or secondary
is hypotonic saliva primary or secondary

A

isotonic - primary
hypotonic - secondary

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19
Q

secondary secretion what is present and what goes back in the cell

A

Cl- and Na+ go back in the cell
high levels of H2O, K+, HCO3-

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20
Q

pellicle positively charged or negatively and what element

A

+ charged ionic outer layer (Ca2+)

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21
Q

pellicle attracts what type of proteins

A

salivary proteins (-) charged

22
Q

pellicle made of what proteins that prevent demineralization

A

MUC5B, Proline rich proteins, Statherin

23
Q

pellicle how thick

A

1 um

24
Q

pellicle reservoir for what

A

Ca2+ and PO4(3-)

25
Q

what does statherin do and promote
from what gland

A

inhibits secondary precipitation and promotes adhesion of actinomyces viscous and streptococcus gordonii to tooth surfaces

calcium binding protein from parotid and submandibular gland

26
Q

saliva how much solid vs water and how much bacteria

A

1% solid
99% water
10^8 / ml

27
Q

what electrolytes are in saliva

A

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-

28
Q

what minerals are in saliva

A

Ca2+, PO4(3-), CO(2-), F-

29
Q

what proteins are in saliva

A

Histatin & statherin, PRP, immunoglobulins (Igs), mucin glycoprotein

30
Q

what does lysozyme do (muramidase protein and cationic protein function)

what glands are they from

A

breaks down bacterial cell wall of gram + bacteria (muramidase activity)

cationic protein - activate bacterial autolysins

from both glands

31
Q

lactoferrin type of protein function and category and what type of cells and glands does it secrete from

A

iron-binding glycoprotein
secreted from serous cells of major and minor salivary glands
sequesters (remove) iron that is required for bacterial growth
antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal

32
Q

peroxidase antimicrobial component and the 2 types

A

hypothiocyanite

salivary gland derived peroxidase
leucocyte derived myeloperoxidase

antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal

33
Q

cystatins contain what and do what

A

cysteine-containing phosphoproteins
inhibits bacterial PROTEASES
cystatins S binds to hydroxyapatite - PREVENTS PRECIPITATION of Ca2+ and PO4(3-)
antibacterial and antiviral

34
Q

histatin from what glands

A

antibacterial peptide from parotid and submandibular gland

35
Q

histatin 5 and histatin 1&2 do what

A

5 - kills CANDIDA ALBICANS, regulates immune repsonse

1&2 - increases wound healing

36
Q

what do agglutinins do

A

glycoproteins that CLUMP UNATTACHED BACTERIA (increases clearance of bacteria)

37
Q

in saliva is there more IgA or IgG

A

more IgA in saliva

38
Q

what does IgA do

A

prevents bacterial adherence to mucous membranes

39
Q

high levels of S. mutans means increased levels of IgA or IgG

A

increased levels of IgA

40
Q

alpha-amaylase (digestion) is what type of cell and what glands and breaks down long-chain carbs into what

A

serous cells in parotid and submandibular glands
breaks down carbs into maltose, maltotriose, and dextrins

41
Q

stephan’s curve shows what

A

buffering activity of saliva throughout day and pH

42
Q

bicarbonate buffer system excreted at higher or lower flow rates/stimulated saliva

what pH range

A

higher flow rates
pH 5-7

43
Q

phosphate buffer system [ ] increases or decreases w increasing flow

what pH range

A

decreases w increasing flow
pH 6-8

44
Q

protein buffer system what pH and what is the main buffering protein

below and above isoelectric point does what to protons

A

Sialin
<pH5

below - accepts H+
above - releases H+

45
Q

what prevents precipitation

A

statherin and PRP

46
Q

critical pH of hydroxyapatite, fluoroapatite, dentin/cementum

A

hydroxyapatite - 5.5
fluoroapatite - 4.5
cementum/dentin - 6.2

47
Q

is there high or low [ ] of fluoride excreted in saliva

A

low [ ]

48
Q

how much % of calcium is bound to proteins

A

20%
80% ionized or nonionized

49
Q

what 3 things helps w remineralization activity of saliva

A

calcium, phosphate, fluoride

50
Q

what is normal flow rate for resting and stimulated flow

A

resting - 0.3-0.4 mL/min
stimulated - 1-2 mL/min

51
Q

what is hyposalivation rates for resting and stimulated flow

A

resting - <0.1 mL/min
stimulated - <0.5 mL/min

52
Q

the challacombe scale is index for what and what is the scale for mild, moderate and severe

A

dry mouth
mild 1-3
moderate 4-6
severe 7-10

Dental Fundamentals (19 decks)

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