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Dental Fundamentals > histopathology of caries > Flashcards

histopathology of caries Flashcards

1
Q

what things leave in early carious lesion

A

calcium
phosphate
carbonate

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2
Q

what helps remineralization

A

saliva
calcium
phosphate
carbonate
fluoride
pH control

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3
Q

does enamel erupt fully mineralized? y/n

A

yes

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4
Q

enamel breakdown by % by weight

A

95% mineral, 5% water

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5
Q

enamel consist of what

A

hydroxyapatite

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6
Q

enamel is derived from what

A

ectodermal component

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7
Q

enamel is formed by what

A

ameloblast (lost as tooth erupts)

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8
Q

is enamel vascular and cellular

A

it is avascular and acellular, cannot be regenerated

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9
Q

enamel structure organization

A

rods (prism) and interrod enamel (interprismatic substance)

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10
Q

enamel is build from closely packed and long, ribbon like and separated by neighbor by what spaces

A

carbanatoapatite crystals
tiny intercrystalline spaces

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11
Q

crystal dimensions (width and thickness) and what symmetry

A

60-70nm in width, 25-30 nm in thickness
hexagonal symmetry

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12
Q

hydroxyapatite formula

A

Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

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13
Q

what else does enamel consist of

A

carbonate, sodium, fluoride

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14
Q

hydroxyapatite knoop hardness number

A

430 KHN

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15
Q

enamel knoop harndess number

A

370 KHN

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16
Q

ranking of hardness

A

enamel > dentin = cementum > bone

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17
Q

dentin derived from what original

A

mesenchymal

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18
Q

what quality of dentin prevents fracture of enamel

A

elastic

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19
Q

Dentin breakdown

A

70% inorganic (HA in form of small plates)
20% oranic (90% collage (type I, III, V), proteins and lipids)
10% water

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20
Q

critical pH of enamel

A

5.5

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21
Q

critical pH of dentin

A

6.2

22
Q

critical pH of enamel changes to what w fluoroapatite

A

4.5

23
Q

what was used to show dentin is permeable

A

H2O2

24
Q

what is the protected area

A

area on tooth surface where dental plaque is allowed to accumulate undisturbed by mechanical forces days and weeks

25
Q

1 week change

A

increase porosity 20-100um deep (microscopically)
dissolution of outer enamel surface
increase in intercrystalline spaces

26
Q

2 week change

A

enamel changes visible after air-drying
further increase in enamel porosity

27
Q

3-4 weeks

A

whitish opaque change
chalky change visible w/o air drying
subsurface lesion starts to form
extensive loss of mineral beneath the outer surface

28
Q

white spot lesion surface zone mineral loss

A

<5% mineral loss

29
Q

white spot lesion surface body of lesion mineral loss

A

5-30% mineral loss

30
Q

white spot lesion dark zone mineral loss

A

2-4% mineral loss

31
Q

white spot lesion translucent zone mineral loss

A

1% mineral loss

32
Q

relative protection against dissolution of outer enamel what dimension

A

10-50um

33
Q

what protein is rich in the saliva that helps prevent breakdown

A

proline

34
Q

white spot to cavitation timeline

A

1-2 week ultrastructural
3-4 weeks white spot
then cavitation

35
Q

what does sclerotic dentin do

A

make dentinal tubules smaller so acid cant enter (defense mechanism)

36
Q

reactive dentin helps protect

A

pulp

37
Q

what shape is the smooth surface enamel lesion

A

board area of origina, conical or pointed extension towards DEJ
V shape from external enamel to DEJ

38
Q

what is an integral part of the pulpodentinal organ

A

odontoblast

39
Q

what is teh most common defense mechanism

A

tubular sclerosis, which is deposition of mineral along and within the dentinal tubules, resulting in gradual occlusion

40
Q

outer lesion

A

bacteria penetrated, most of structure lost to demineralization produced by bacterial acids

41
Q

turbid inner lesion

A

no bacteria present
lost peritubular dentin and the intertubular dentin mostly demineralized

42
Q

transparent inner lesion

A

retains peritubular dentin and the tubule may be partially filled w minerals (whitlockite crystals)

43
Q

sub transparent inner lesion

A

presents granular-shapped crystals and normal dentin is found beneath

44
Q

what does the inner lesion consist of

A

turbid, transparent, sub-transparent

45
Q

when may varying inflammatory reactions be seen in the subodontoblastic regions

A

when demineralization approaches the pulp between 0.5-1mm

46
Q

for pulp reactions, the inflammatory cell reactions are the result of what

A

bacterial byproducts

47
Q

if bacteria invade the pulp, acute inflammatory response is created with what

A

neutrophil leukocyte accumulation

48
Q

composition of root surface

A

70% inorganic
20% organic
10% water

49
Q

do early lesions on root surfaces appear as white spots

A

no

50
Q

root surface caries factors

A

root exposed
poor oral hygiene
xerostomia
salivary gland hypofunction
dietary habits
location (plaque retentive areas)

Dental Fundamentals (19 decks)

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