To Keto or not to Keto, is the question. Part 1

Question 1

What is Energy?

Answer 1

Energy is the ability to do work. There is no life without it.

Question 2

Fill in the blank: In systems, energy is the capacity for change

Answer 2

Biological

Question 3

What are the 2 types of energy?

Answer 3

Kinetic and Potential

Question 4

What is Kinetic energy?

Answer 4

It is energy in motion.

Question 5

What does Kinetic Energy produce?

Answer 5

Thermal energy; which is associated with random movement of atoms or molecules.

Question 6

What is Potential energy?

Answer 6

Stored energy that matter possesses because of its position relative to others or structures.

Question 7

What is a type of potential energy?

Answer 7

Chemical energy; stored in chemical bonds

Question 8

Where do we see HIGH potential energy in chemical reactions?

Answer 8

Shared electrons are far from atom’s nuclei: Bonds are long and weak

Question 9

Where do we see LOW potential energy in chemical reactions? QUESTION

Answer 9

Electrons are shifted closer to one or both nuclei: Bonds become shorter and stronger

Question 10

What is Entropy?

Answer 10

The measure of randomness or disorder within a system

Question 11

What letter symbolizes Entropy?

Answer 11

‘S’

Question 12

What is disorder?

Answer 12

Number of states (configurations) a system can take

Question 13

What is HIGH Entropy?

Answer 13

High disorder and low energy

Question 14

What is LOW Entropy?

Answer 14

Low disorder and high energy

Question 15

True or False: Living things aren’t ordered and don’t require constant energy

Answer 15

False; Living things are highly ordered and require constant energy

Question 16

What is Enthalpy?

Answer 16

Total energy in a system

Question 17

What letter symbolizes Enthalpy?

Answer 17

‘H’

Question 18

What does Enthalpy include?

Answer 18

Includes potential energy in bonds of molecules and effect of molecules kinetic energy on surrounding pressure

Question 19

What is Enthalpy a measure of?

Answer 19

Enthalpy is a measure of the amount of energy taken in or released of a system during a chemical reaction as bonds are broken and new bonds form.

Question 20

What happens during an Endothermic Enthalpy Reaction?

Answer 20

Heat energy is taken up (used). Reactants have lower enthalpy than the products that have higher enthalpy. Change in H is positive.

Question 21

What happens during an Exothermic Enthalpy Reaction?

Answer 21

Heat is released. Products have a lower enthalpy than the reactants that have a higher enthalpy. Change in H is negative

Question 22

What are changes in H primarily based on?

Answer 22

Potential Energy

Question 23

What is Gibbs Free Energy?

Answer 23

It determines whether reactions are spontaneous or requires added energy to proceed

Question 24

What letter symbolizes Gibbs Free Energy?

Answer 24

‘G’

Question 25

What is the equation for Gibbs Free Energy?

Answer 25

ΔG = ΔH − TΔS

Question 26

What does ΔG>0 mean?

Answer 26

A chemical reaction requires an input of energy (Positive correlation on graph)

Question 27

What does Endergonic mean?

Answer 27

Products of these reactions will have more free energy than reactants

Question 28

What does ΔG<0 mean?

Answer 28

A chemical reaction releases energy (Negative correlation on graph)

Question 29

What does Exergonic mean?

Answer 29

Reactants of these reactions will have more free energy than products

Question 30

What are spontaneous reactions?

Answer 30

Exergonic reactions are spontaneous because they do not need any added energy. Though spontaneous doesn't mean that it happens quickly

Question 31

Why doesn't glucose spontaneously combust as it doesn't need added energy when oxidation occurs?

Answer 31

Due to activation energy

Question 32

What is Activation Energy?

Answer 32

The initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 33

What is the Transition State?

Answer 33

It is the unstable state where reactions happen very quickly, that activation energy causes reactants to become contorted and unstable and allows the bonds to be broken or made

Question 34

What is the main source fro activation energy?

Answer 34

Heat energy; as it helps reactants reach transition state

Question 35

What 3 directions can chemical reactions result in?

Answer 35

1. Lower Potential Energy 2. ncreased entropy 3. Or both

Question 36

What are Thermodynamics?

Answer 36

The study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter

Question 37

What does the 1st Law of Thermodynamics state?

Answer 37

Energy can be transferred and transformed but it cannot be created or destroyed. Energy is conserved. "The same energy on Earth 200 million years ago is the same energy today."

Question 38

What does the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics state?

Answer 38

During every energy transfer some energy is unusable and is dissipated as heat