How do Salmon navigate both worlds? Part 1

Question 1

What do cell membranes do?

Answer 1

Separates life from non-life

Question 2

What does a selective barrier do?

Answer 2

• Allows entry of materials needed by cell
• Keeps damaging materials out of cell
• Receives external signals and initiating cellular responses
• Adhering to neighboring cells

Question 3

What are the membrane components?

Answer 3

Phospholipids: First major component. Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic and Amphiphilic

Proteins: Second major component and function as transporters, receptors, enzymes or in binding. There is Integral or Peripheral

Carbohydrates: Third major component and located on the exterior surface as Glycoproteins or Glycolipids for cell recognition and attachment

Question 4

What type of transport can occur across the membrane?

Answer 4

Passive - Requiring no energy
Active - Requiring energy ATP

Question 5

What is diffusion?

Answer 5

Spontaneous movement of particles of any substances so that they spread out evenly into available space.

Question 6

What is a concentration gradient, net movement and equilibrium?

Answer 6

Concentration gradient: Created by a difference in solute concentration.

Net movement: From high concentration regions to low concentration

Equilibrium: Occurs when molecules or ions are randomly distributed throughout solutions

Question 7

What particles can diffuse through biological membranes?

Answer 7

Only small non-polar molecules (O2, CO2, Lipid hormones)

Question 8

True or False: Diffusion decreases entropy?

Answer 8

False: Diffusion increases diffusion

Question 9

What type of transport is diffusion?

Answer 9

Passive

Question 10

What law of thermodynamics supports diffusion?

Answer 10

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics: In an isolated system, entropy always increases

Question 11

What factors affect diffusion?

Answer 11

Concentration gradient (Greater difference, Faster diffusion)
Mass of Molecules (Smaller molecules diffuse faster)
Temperature (Molecules move faster when hotter)
Solvent Density (The lower the density they faster the diffusion)
Solubility (More non-polar, the faster the diffusion)
Surface Area (The greater the surface area, the faster diffusion)
Distance travelled (The greater the distance, the slower the rate)

Question 12

What is osmosis?

Answer 12

The diffusion of free water across a selectively permeable membrane only across selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

What is the movement of water during osmosis?

Answer 13

Water moves from regions of low solute concentration to regions of high solute concentration and keeps moving until the solute concentration is equal on both sides

Question 14

What is tonicity?

Answer 14

The ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

Question 15

What is osmolarity?

Answer 15

The total solute concentration of a solution

Question 16

What is Hypotonic?

Answer 16

Outside solution higher concentration then inside the cell
Water will move out of the cell by osmosis
The cell will shrink

Question 17

What is Hypertonic?

Answer 17

Outside solution lower concentration then inside the cell
Water will move into the cell by osmosis
The cell will swell

Question 18

What is Isotonic?

Answer 18

Solute concentration of a solution is the same as that inside the cell
No net water movement
Cell size remains the same