How does the Flounder survive in New England? Part 1

Question 1

What is Life composed of?

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

What 2 forms of matter are elements?

Answer 2

Special chemical properties
Special physical properties

Question 3

How many elements are there?

Answer 3

118. 98 occur naturally and 20 are manmade.

Question 4

What is the basic structure of an Atom?

Answer 4

It has a nucleus with 2 regions being the Protons and Neutrons. It also has Electron Shells with electrons.

Question 5

What are protons and neutrons?

Answer 5

Protons are positively charged and Neutrons are neutral charged

Question 6

What are electrons?

Answer 6

Electrons are negatively charged

Question 7

What is an Atomic Number?

Answer 7

The number of protons

Question 8

What is the Mass Number?

Answer 8

The number of both protons and neutrons

Question 9

What is the Atomic Mass?

Answer 9

Mean of mass number of naturally occurring isotopes; which is roughly equal to no. of protons and neutrons.

Question 10

What is variably changes to create Isotopes?

Answer 10

Neutrons

Question 11

What is an Isotope?

Answer 11

Different forms of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons and different masses.

Question 12

How many Electrons are there in an atom?

Answer 12

The number of electrons is the same as the number of protons and thus same as atomic number.

Question 13

What is the model of an atom called?

Answer 13

The Bohr model

Question 14

How do electrons fill electron shells?

Answer 14

They use the Octet Rule which states that with the exception of the innermost shell, that atoms are more stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell

Question 15

What is a Valence Shell?

Answer 15

The Outermost Shell and determines the energy level and stability and tendency to from bonds with other atoms

Question 16

What are Orbits?

Answer 16

The movement around the nucleus in specific regions and are classified with subshells as ‘s’, ‘p’, ‘d’ or ‘f’ and numbers of shells as ‘n’

Question 17

What are molecules?

Answer 17

Atoms bonded together

Question 18

What is Electron Transfer??

Answer 18

The satisfying of the octet rule when atoms gain or lose an electron

Question 19

What are Cations and Anions?

Answer 19

Cations are positive ions that form by losing electrons.
Anions are negative ions that form by gaining electrons.

Question 20

What are Ionic Bonds?

Answer 20

Bonds formed between the opposite charged atoms

Question 21

What are Covalent Bonds?

Answer 21

The sharing of electrons with single, double or triple bonds and are stronger than ionic bonds

Question 22

What are Polar Covalent Bonds?

Answer 22

When atoms unevenly share the electron and are attracted to one nucleus than the other due to unequal distribution between atoms creating a slightly positive or negative sharge

Question 23

Is a water molecule polar or non-polar?

Answer 23

It is a polar molecule as the oxygen atoms nucleus is more attractive to the hydrogen atoms electrons than the hydrogen nucleus is to the oxygens electrons

Question 24

What is Electronegativity?

Answer 24

Strength with which atoms pull electrons toward themselves

Question 25

What is Electronegativity determined by?

Answer 25

1. Number of Protons
2. Distance of valence shell from nucleus.

Question 26

Other ways to explain Polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 26

Electrons spend more time near the oxygen nucleus than the hydrogen atoms nucleus.
OR:
The probability of finding shared electron near an oxygen nucleus is more likely than finding it near a hydrogen nucleus.

Question 27

What are Non-Polar Covalent Bonds?

Answer 27

When atoms evenly share electrons and the bond is symmetrical

Question 28

Why is Carbon Dioxide a Non-Polar molecule?

Answer 28

The dipoles(polar charges) in the linear molecule cancel each other out.

Question 29

What are Hydrogen Bonds?

Answer 29

Occur when a weak interaction between the hydrogens positive charge and the negative charge of another molecule with more electronegative atoms

Question 30

What are Van Der Waals Bonds?

Answer 30

Weak attractions between molecules and occur between any two or more molecules and are dependent on slight fluctuations of the electron densities which are not always symmetrical around an atom

Question 31

What is the order of strength of bonds?

Answer 31

1. Covalent
2. Ionic
3. Hydrogen
4. Van Der Waals

Question 32

What are Chemical Reactions?

Answer 32

Occur when 2 or more atoms bond together to form molecules or when bonded atoms break apart

Question 33

What are Reactants?

Answer 33

The substances used in the beginning of a chemical reaction

Question 34

What are Products?

Answer 34

The substances at the end of the reaction

Question 35

What are Reversible Reactions?

Answer 35

Those that can go either direction in which a reactant becomes a product but once a certain threshold is reached reverts back to a product

Question 36

What are Irreversible Reactions?

Answer 36

Those that only go in one direction when the reactants become products and that is the final stage

Question 37

What is the benefit of balanced questions?

Answer 37

Used to check the credibility of a reaction

Question 38

What are Compounds?

Answer 38

Molecules that contain atoms of more than one type of element