TNFs and ILs Flashcards
who produces TNF the most
macs (TNF-alpha)
T cells (TNF-beta)
neutrophils and NK cells
what induces TNF expression the MOST
endotoxins like LPS
What does TNF do on the epithelia?
interacts with endothelial cells to induce ICAM, VCAM, and E selectin: permitting egress of granulocytes into inflammatory loci
TNF is the primary mediator of what reaction
septic shock
how does TNF work with neutrophils?
potent mediator of adherence, chemotaxis, degranulation, respiratory burst
TNF receptor I and II
TNFRp75 and TNFRp55
How does TNF deal with cancer?
it induces direct antitumor immunity through direct cytotic effects (apoptosis) on cancerous cells
IL-1 is primarily produced by
macrophages and monocytes
IL-1 stimulates the production of
Il-1 induces production of
ICAM, VCAM, and E selectin, but SECONDARILY to TNF-alpha
IL-2 via the proliferation of CD4 T lymphocytes
What is IL-1 “second in line” to stimulate, and to whom?
ICAM, VCAM, E selectin, and acute phase proteins
second to TNF
how can IL-1 be neutralized?
what system does it interact with to induce inflammatory side effects?
IL-1a: IL-1 receptor antagonist
CDS: fever, lethargy, sleep, anorexia
IL-6 is the most important
inducer of acute phase proteins
which is more important in inducing pyrexia, IL-6 or IL-1
IL-1
which lymphocyte is IL-6 a primary inducer of?
Th17 and the differentiation of B cells into mature plasma cells
IL-8
primarily produced by…
release by ____ at the onset of inflammation….
a chemotactic factor for ___ but not ____
also involved in ____ activation
1) macrophages
2) mast cells
3) neutrophils but not monocytes
4) neutrophil activation
IL-12
primarily derived from
Is a _____ that consist of ____ subunits
Controls ____ via activation of ______ T cells
Activates, induces proliferation/cytotoxicity/and cytokine production of _______ via ____ stimulation
Synergizes with _____ to stimulate __________
1) DCs and monocytes: they produce more than B cells, PMNs and mast cells
2) heterodimer that consists of IL-12p40 and IL-12p35
3) cell mediated immunity via activation of Th1 T cells
4) NK cells via IFN-gamma stimulation
5) IL-18 (IFN-gamma sitmulation factor) to stimulat IFN-gamma release
IL-18
synergist with IL-12 to release IFN-gamma
IL-15 primarily produced by is MOST important in the activation of Similar to what other cytokine? What do this similarity suggest? Important for the survival of
Chemotactic for
1) mononuclear phagocytic cells
2) NK cells
3) IL-2
4) T cell growth factor
5) Important for the survival CD-8 memory T cells
6) t lymphocyte chomotactiv
IFN-gamma
primarily made by
Critical for what aspects of the immune system?
The most important cytokine for
Major activator
Synerigze with ____ to activate ___ and ____
1) Th1 T cells and NK cells
2) innate and adaptive
3) cell mediated immunity for intracellular pathogens
4) of intracellular killing of pathogens by MO through stimulation of phagocytosis, secretion, respiratory burstm nitric oxide production
5) IL-12 to activate MO and MK cells
IFN-gamma has 7 effector functions.
stimulates killing by NK cells and neutrophis
stimulates expression of MHC class I and II
stimulates Ag presentation by APCs
stimulates cytokine production by APCs
stimulates expression of ICAM
inhibits allergic responses by suppressing by IL-4 mediated effects
has modest antiviral activity unlike IFN-alpha and IFN-beta
Who is the ONLY inducer of IL-2?
IL-1, via CD4 T cells IL-1 stimulated proliferation of
