Mediators of Inflammation: Leukotrienes and Hisatmine

Question 1

Vocab

AA

Answer 1

arachidonic acid

Question 2

COX

Answer 2

cyclooxygenase enzyme

Question 3

GSH

Answer 3

reduced glutathionie

Question 4

H1 and H2

Answer 4

histamine receptors 1 and 2

Question 5

LT

Answer 5

Leukotrienes LTA(4), LTB()4), LTC (4)m LTD(4)

Question 6

5-LO

Answer 6

5-Lipoxygenase

Question 7

NSAID

Answer 7

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Question 8

PG

Answer 8

prostaglandin

Question 9

PGI

Answer 9

prostacyclin (Prostaglandin I(2))

Question 10

PUFA

Answer 10

polyunsaturated fatty acid

Question 11

TNF-alpha

Answer 11

tumor necrosis factor

Question 12

TxA(s)

Answer 12

thromboxane A(2)

Question 13

Cells rich in COX =

Answer 13

smooth muscle, fibroblasts, epithelia, endothelia, hematopoietic cells

less in neutrophils

Question 14

Cells rich in 5-LO

Answer 14

myeloid cells

Question 15

AA –> LTXs: enzymes

Answer 15

Phospholipase A(2) + phospholipid –> AA or PUFA

w5-LO + O2+ FLAP + w5-LO accessory protein+ AA or PUFA –> LTA(4)

xLTA(4) Hydrolase + LTA(4)+ H20 –> LTB(4)

yLTC(4) synthase + GSH –> LTC(4)

z Peptidases + LTC(4) –> LTD (4), LTE (4)

Question 16

phospholipase A(2)

Answer 16

converts phospholipids into AA or PUFA

Question 17

5-LO, Ca2+, FLAP

Answer 17

5-lipoxygenase enzyme, (5-LO activating protein)+ accessory 5-LO protein, and Calcium

converts PUFA or AA with O2 into LTA(4) in

Question 18

LTA (4) hydrolase

Answer 18

converts LTA(4) into LTB(4) along with hydrolysis

Question 19

LTC(4) synthase

Answer 19

converts LTA(4) and GSG into LTC(4)

Question 20

Peptidases

Answer 20

convert LTC(4) into LTD(4) and LTE (4)

Question 21

What makes a leukotriene a leukotriene?

Answer 21

a) they’re made by leukocytes and b) they have a conjugated system consisting of three double bonds

Question 22

Prostaglandins, thromboxane, leukotrienes and other eicosinoids are considered

Answer 22

autacoids, not hormones

Question 23

characteristics of these eicosinoids

Answer 23

made upon demand
biosynthesis of latent
short lived
local, not systemic actions