TN Vitamins

Question 1

Organic compound that is required in the diet in small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolic integrity

Answer 1

Vitamin

Question 2

Organic compound that is required in the diet in small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolic integrity

All vitamins conform to the definition above EXCEPT

Answer 2

Vitamin D (Skin synthesis)

Question 3

Deficiency of this vitamin causes night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratinization of skin

Answer 3

Vit A

Question 4

Vitamin involved in the maintenance of Calcium balance;
Enhances intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and metabolizes bone mineral;
Regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation

Answer 4

Vit D

Question 5

Vitamin that acts as anti-oxidant esp in cell membranes;
roles in cell signaling;
Deficiency extremely rare but has neurologic dysfunction

Answer 5

Vit E

Question 6

Vitamin that acts as a co-enzyme in formation of carboxy glutamate in enzymes of blood clotting and bone matrix

Answer 6

Vit K

Question 7

Vitamin that acts as Co-enzyme in pyruvate and alpha keto-glutarate, branch chain acid dehydrogenase complex, transketolase, and regulates Cl channel in nerve conduction

Answer 7

Vit B1 Thiamine

Question 8

Def of this vitamin causes peripheral nerve damage, heart failure (beri beri) or CNS lesions (Wenicke-Korsakoff synd)

Answer 8

B2 Riboflavin

Question 9

Vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase; modulation of steroid hormone action

Answer 9

Pyridoxine B6

Question 10

Vit that acts as co-enzyme in oxidation/reduction reactions (FAD and FMN);
Prosthetic group of falvoproteins, deficiency causes lesions in corner of mouth, lips and tongue, seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 10

B2 Riboflavin

Question 11

Vit that acts as co-enzyme in oxidation/reduction reactions;
Functional part of NAD and NADP;
Role in intracellular Ca regulation and cell signaling

Answer 11

B3 Niacin

Question 12

Def of this vitamin causes pellagra: (4Ds)
Diarrhea
Dermatitis 
Dementia
Death

Answer 12

B3 Niacin

Question 13

Vit acting as co enzyme in transfer of 1-carbon fragments and metabolism of folic acid;
deficiency causes Pernicious anemia (megaloblastic anemia with degeneration of spinal cord)

Answer 13

Vit B12 Cobalamin

Question 14

Vitamin involved as co enzyme in transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase

Modulation of steroid hormone action

Answer 14

Vit B6 Pyridoxine

Question 15

Vit acting as co enzyme in transfer of 1 carbon fragments in form of tetra-hydro-folate
deficiency causes megalobastic anemia and Neural tube defects

Answer 15

Folate B9

Question 16

Substance required for absorption of vit B12 in the terminal ileum

Answer 16

Intrinsic factor

Question 17

Vit forming the functional part of CoA and acyl carrier protein involved in FA synthesis and metabolism

Answer 17

Pantothenic Acid B5

Question 18

Def of this vitamin causes peripheral nerve damage
Nutritional melalgia
“Burning foot syndrome”

Answer 18

Vit B5 Pantothenic acid

Question 19

Vit acting as coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in gluco-neo-genesis and FA synthesis; role in regulation of cell cycle

Answer 19

Biotin (biocytin)

Question 20

Enzyme that require biotin

Answer 20

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase
Pyruvate Carboxylase
Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Methyl-crotonyl CoA carboxylase

Question 21

Substance in egg white that decreases biotin absorption

Answer 21

Avidin

Question 22

Vit functioning as Coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis;
anti-oxidant
enhances absorption of Iron

Answer 22

Vit C

Question 23

Deficiency of this vitamin causes scurvy - impaired wound healing, loss of dental cement, subcutaneous hemorrhage

Answer 23

Vit C

Question 24

Both def and excess of this vitamin interferes with Vit D function by virtue of altered RXR receptor dimerization

Answer 24

Vit A

Question 25

Most important preventable cause of blindness

Answer 25

Vit A deficiency

Question 26

Sequence of changes in vit A def

Answer 26

``` Earliest sign: LOSS of sensitivity to GREEN then Impairment to adapt to dim light then Night blindness ```

Question 27

Toxicity from this vitamin causes - increased CSF pressure--> headache, nausea, ataxia, and anorexia, - The liver: hepatomegaly with histologic changes in hyperlipidemia - Calcium homeostasis (thickening of the long bones, hypercalcemia, and calcification of soft tissues) Skin: excessive dryness, desquamination and alopecia

Answer 27

Vitamin A

Question 28

Major source of vit D

Answer 28

Skin synthesis

Question 29

Precursor of Vit D synthesis in the Skin

Answer 29

7-dehydro-cholesterol

Question 30

Vit D deficiency leads to what dse in children

Answer 30

Rickets

Question 31

Vit D def leads to what disease in adults

Answer 31

Osteomalacia

Question 32

Vit that is considered a hormone

Answer 32

Vit D

Question 33

Main storage form of vit D

Answer 33

25-hydroxy-chole-calciferol bound to Vit D binding globulin

Question 34

Steps in vit D hydroxylation

Answer 34

25 hydroxylation in liver | 1 hydroxylation in the kidney

Question 35

Principal funciton of vit D

Answer 35

Maintain serum calcium levels

Question 36

Most active form of vitamin E

Answer 36

D alpha tocopherol

Question 37

Excess of this vitamin causes contraction of blood vessels, high blood pressure and calcinosis

Answer 37

Vit D

Question 38

Vit that does NOT have a precisely defined metabolic function

Answer 38

Vit E

Question 39

3 compounds with biologic activity of Vit K

Answer 39

Phyllo-quinone - normal dietary source (green vegtables) Mena-quinones - synthesized by intestinal bacteria Mena-dione/Mena-diol diacetate - synthetic compounds that can be metabolized to Phylloquinone

Question 40

Classic example of vit K antagonist

Answer 40

Warfarin

Question 41

Bone calcium binding proteins taht are synthesized with the help of vit K

Answer 41

Osteo-calcin and Bone matrix G1A protein Thus warfarin causes skeletal deformities in fetus

Question 42

Proteins involved in the coagulation system affected by vit K

Answer 42

Factors 2 7 9 10 | Protein C & S

Question 43

Thaimine def can be assessed with this test

Answer 43

RBC trans-ketolase activation

Question 44

Vit with intense yellow color used as food additive

Answer 44

B2

Question 45

Which vitamin is not strictly a vitamin because it can be synthesized from the body

Answer 45

B3

Question 46

Amino acid precursor of niacin

Answer 46

Tryptophan

Question 47

Diet pre-disposing to B3 deficiency

Answer 47

Corn Diet

Question 48

Dse causing pellagra despite adequate intake of tryptophan and niacin

Answer 48

Hartnup and | Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoid syndrome

Question 49

Vit used as a drug to treat hyperlipidemia, low LDL

Answer 49

Nicotinamide, B3

Question 50

Common side effect of niacin or nicotinamide

Answer 50

Flushing

Question 51

Vit used to prevent peripheral neuropathy but in excess also causes peripheral neuropathy

Answer 51

Pyridoxine

Question 52

Vit found only in foods of animal origin

Answer 52

B12

Question 53

Vit B12 binding protein secreted in the saliva

Answer 53

Cobalophilin

Question 54

Vit B12-dependent enzymes (3)

Answer 54

Methyl-malonyl CoA Mutase Leucine Amino-Mutase Methionine Synthase

Question 55

MCC of pernicious anemia

Answer 55

Failure of B12 absorption

Question 56

Drug that inhibits di-hydro-folate reductase in humans, making it a good anti-cancer drug

Answer 56

Metho-trexate

Question 57

Drug that inhibits dihydrofolate release in bacteria

Answer 57

Trimethoprim

Question 58

Impairment of methionine synthase in vit B12 def results in the accumulation of methyl-tetra-hydro-folate, aka functional folate deficiency

Answer 58

Folate trap

Question 59

Co factor for dopamine beta hydroxylase enzyme

Answer 59

Vitamin C