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TN Biochemistry > TN Vitamins > Flashcards

TN Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Organic compound that is required in the diet in small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolic integrity

A

Vitamin

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2
Q

Organic compound that is required in the diet in small amounts for the maintenance of normal metabolic integrity

All vitamins conform to the definition above EXCEPT

A

Vitamin D (Skin synthesis)

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3
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin causes night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratinization of skin

A

Vit A

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4
Q

Vitamin involved in the maintenance of Calcium balance;
Enhances intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and metabolizes bone mineral;
Regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation

A

Vit D

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5
Q

Vitamin that acts as anti-oxidant esp in cell membranes;
roles in cell signaling;
Deficiency extremely rare but has neurologic dysfunction

A

Vit E

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6
Q

Vitamin that acts as a co-enzyme in formation of carboxy glutamate in enzymes of blood clotting and bone matrix

A

Vit K

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7
Q

Vitamin that acts as Co-enzyme in pyruvate and alpha keto-glutarate, branch chain acid dehydrogenase complex, transketolase, and regulates Cl channel in nerve conduction

A

Vit B1 Thiamine

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8
Q

Def of this vitamin causes peripheral nerve damage, heart failure (beri beri) or CNS lesions (Wenicke-Korsakoff synd)

A

B2 Riboflavin

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9
Q

Vitamin that acts as a coenzyme in transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase; modulation of steroid hormone action

A

Pyridoxine B6

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10
Q

Vit that acts as co-enzyme in oxidation/reduction reactions (FAD and FMN);
Prosthetic group of falvoproteins, deficiency causes lesions in corner of mouth, lips and tongue, seborrheic dermatitis

A

B2 Riboflavin

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11
Q

Vit that acts as co-enzyme in oxidation/reduction reactions;
Functional part of NAD and NADP;
Role in intracellular Ca regulation and cell signaling

A

B3 Niacin

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12
Q 
Def of this vitamin causes pellagra: (4Ds)
Diarrhea
Dermatitis 
Dementia
Death
A

B3 Niacin

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13
Q

Vit acting as co enzyme in transfer of 1-carbon fragments and metabolism of folic acid;
deficiency causes Pernicious anemia (megaloblastic anemia with degeneration of spinal cord)

A

Vit B12 Cobalamin

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14
Q

Vitamin involved as co enzyme in transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase

Modulation of steroid hormone action

A

Vit B6 Pyridoxine

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15
Q

Vit acting as co enzyme in transfer of 1 carbon fragments in form of tetra-hydro-folate
deficiency causes megalobastic anemia and Neural tube defects

A

Folate B9

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16
Q

Substance required for absorption of vit B12 in the terminal ileum

A

Intrinsic factor

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17
Q

Vit forming the functional part of CoA and acyl carrier protein involved in FA synthesis and metabolism

A

Pantothenic Acid B5

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18
Q

Def of this vitamin causes peripheral nerve damage
Nutritional melalgia
“Burning foot syndrome”

A

Vit B5 Pantothenic acid

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19
Q

Vit acting as coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in gluco-neo-genesis and FA synthesis; role in regulation of cell cycle

A

Biotin (biocytin)

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20
Q

Enzyme that require biotin

A

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase
Pyruvate Carboxylase
Propionyl CoA carboxylase
Methyl-crotonyl CoA carboxylase

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21
Q

Substance in egg white that decreases biotin absorption

A

Avidin

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22
Q

Vit functioning as Coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis;
anti-oxidant
enhances absorption of Iron

A

Vit C

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23
Q

Deficiency of this vitamin causes scurvy - impaired wound healing, loss of dental cement, subcutaneous hemorrhage

A

Vit C

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24
Q

Both def and excess of this vitamin interferes with Vit D function by virtue of altered RXR receptor dimerization

A

Vit A

25
Q

Most important preventable cause of blindness

A

Vit A deficiency

26
Q

Sequence of changes in vit A def

A 
Earliest sign: LOSS of sensitivity to GREEN
then 
Impairment to adapt to dim light 
then 
Night blindness
27
Q

Toxicity from this vitamin causes
- increased CSF pressure–> headache, nausea, ataxia, and anorexia,

  • The liver: hepatomegaly with histologic changes in hyperlipidemia
  • Calcium homeostasis (thickening of the long bones, hypercalcemia, and calcification of soft tissues)

Skin: excessive dryness, desquamination and alopecia

A

Vitamin A

28
Q

Major source of vit D

A

Skin synthesis

29
Q

Precursor of Vit D synthesis in the Skin

A

7-dehydro-cholesterol

30
Q

Vit D deficiency leads to what dse in children

A

Rickets

31
Q

Vit D def leads to what disease in adults

A

Osteomalacia

32
Q

Vit that is considered a hormone

A

Vit D

33
Q

Main storage form of vit D

A

25-hydroxy-chole-calciferol
bound to
Vit D binding globulin

34
Q

Steps in vit D hydroxylation

A

25 hydroxylation in liver

1 hydroxylation in the kidney

35
Q

Principal funciton of vit D

A

Maintain serum calcium levels

36
Q

Most active form of vitamin E

A

D alpha tocopherol

37
Q

Excess of this vitamin causes contraction of blood vessels, high blood pressure and calcinosis

A

Vit D

38
Q

Vit that does NOT have a precisely defined metabolic function

A

Vit E

39
Q

3 compounds with biologic activity of Vit K

A

Phyllo-quinone - normal dietary source (green vegtables)

Mena-quinones - synthesized by intestinal bacteria

Mena-dione/Mena-diol diacetate - synthetic compounds that can be metabolized to Phylloquinone

40
Q

Classic example of vit K antagonist

A

Warfarin

41
Q

Bone calcium binding proteins taht are synthesized with the help of vit K

A

Osteo-calcin and
Bone matrix G1A protein
Thus warfarin causes skeletal deformities in fetus

42
Q

Proteins involved in the coagulation system affected by vit K

A

Factors 2 7 9 10

Protein C & S

43
Q

Thaimine def can be assessed with this test

A

RBC trans-ketolase activation

44
Q

Vit with intense yellow color used as food additive

A

B2

45
Q

Which vitamin is not strictly a vitamin because it can be synthesized from the body

A

B3

46
Q

Amino acid precursor of niacin

A

Tryptophan

47
Q

Diet pre-disposing to B3 deficiency

A

Corn Diet

48
Q

Dse causing pellagra despite adequate intake of tryptophan and niacin

A

Hartnup and

Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoid syndrome

49
Q

Vit used as a drug to treat hyperlipidemia, low LDL

A

Nicotinamide, B3

50
Q

Common side effect of niacin or nicotinamide

A

Flushing

51
Q

Vit used to prevent peripheral neuropathy but in excess also causes peripheral neuropathy

A

Pyridoxine

52
Q

Vit found only in foods of animal origin

A

B12

53
Q

Vit B12 binding protein secreted in the saliva

A

Cobalophilin

54
Q

Vit B12-dependent enzymes (3)

A

Methyl-malonyl CoA Mutase

Leucine Amino-Mutase

Methionine Synthase

55
Q

MCC of pernicious anemia

A

Failure of B12 absorption

56
Q

Drug that inhibits di-hydro-folate reductase in humans, making it a good anti-cancer drug

A

Metho-trexate

57
Q

Drug that inhibits dihydrofolate release in bacteria

A

Trimethoprim

58
Q

Impairment of methionine synthase in vit B12 def results in the accumulation of methyl-tetra-hydro-folate, aka functional folate deficiency

A

Folate trap

59
Q

Co factor for dopamine beta hydroxylase enzyme

A

Vitamin C

TN Biochemistry (9 decks)

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