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TN Biochemistry > DNA/RNA Concepts > Flashcards

DNA/RNA Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

DNA molecule is made of the ff 4 nucleotides:

A

Deoxy-adenine,
Deoxy-guanine
Deoxy-cytosine
Thyamine

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2
Q

DNA strand copied during RNA synthesis

A

Template strand

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3
Q

DNA strand matching the sequence of the RNA transcript

A

Coding strand

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4
Q

What is the sugar moiety attached to the bases in RNA?

A

Ribose

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5
Q

Usually found in the 5’ end of mRNA

A

5’ Methyl-Guanosine cap

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6
Q

Found in the 3’ end of mRNA

A

Poly A Tail

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7
Q

Clover-leaf RNA molecule with amino acid attached at 3’CCA end

A

t RNA

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8
Q

RNA forming part of cytoplasmic protein acting as machinery for protein synthesis

A

r RNA

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9
Q

Short T-G repeats at end of each chromosome responsible for aging or cell survivability and malignancy

A

Telomeres

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10
Q

DNA coding regions are interrupted by intervening segments called

A

Introns

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11
Q

Forms part of 1% of DNA and found outside nucleus in eukaryotes

A

Mitochondrial DNA

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12
Q

Enzyme that initiates synthesis of RNA molecule prior to DNA replication

A

Primase

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13
Q

DNA replication proceeds in what direction

A

5’-3’

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14
Q

Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously is called

A

Okazaki fragments

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15
Q

HNPCC is caused by defect in DNA repair

A

Mis-match repair

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16
Q

Xeroderma pigmentosum is caused by defect in which repair mechanism

A

Nucleotide exision repair of Thymidine dimers

17
Q

Most abundant chromatin protein involved in gene activation, inhibition and repair

A

Histones

18
Q

Process of synthesizing RNA from DNA

A

Transcription

19
Q

Which RNA polymerase synthesizes t RNA

A

RNA Polymerase 3
2 for mRNA
1 for rRNA

20
Q

Process of synthesizing protein from RNA

A

Translation

21
Q

Property of genetic code exhibited where the AA serine is coded for by 6 different codons

A

Degeneracy

22
Q

Property where any specific codon only codes for 1 specific amino acid

A

Unambiguous

23
Q

The genetic code is read in sets of 3 bases with no overlap

A

Non-overlapping

24
Q

Genetic code is read continuously until a stop codon

A

No punctuation

Continuous

25
Q

AUG is a ____ codon

A

Start

26
Q

UAA is a ____ codon

A

Stop

27
Q

UAG is a ____ codon

A

Stop

28
Q

UGA is a ____ codon

A

Stop

29
Q

Property where the genetic code is the same for all species (except mitochondria)

A

Universal

30
Q

Type of mutation wherein glutamine is replaced by valine at position 6

A

Mis-sense mutation

31
Q

Glutamate is replaced by Valine at position 6 which leads to what disease

A

Sickle cell disease

32
Q

Antibiotic class that inhibits t-RNA binding to the ribosomal A site

A

Tetra cyclines

33
Q

MOA of macrolides and chloramphenicol

A

Inhibit Peptidyl-transferase

Inhibit Elongation of peptide

34
Q

Anti-TB drug that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

A

Rifampicin

TN Biochemistry (9 decks)

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