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TN Biochemistry > Metabolic Concepts > Flashcards

Metabolic Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

End product of aerobic glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

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2
Q

End product of anerobic glycolysis

A

Lactic acid

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3
Q

Precursor for FA and cholesterol

A

Acetyl CoA

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4
Q

Parent compound of steroid hormones

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

Provide carbon skeletons for AA synthesis

A

Pyruvate and TCA intermediates

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6
Q

Source of reducing equivalents like NADPH

A

Pentose phosphate Pathway

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7
Q

Source of ribose for DNA synthesis

A

Pentose phosphate pathway

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8
Q

Majority of AA metabolism involves this reaction/process

A

Trans-Amination

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9
Q

Co enzyme needed for trans-amination

A

Pyridoxal phosphate

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10
Q

LARGEST lipo-protein

A

Chylomicron

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11
Q

Major difference between triclycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL

A

VLDL typically contains endogenously secreted triglycerides

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12
Q

Biochemical pathways that occur both in the cytosol and mitochondria

A

Heme synthesis,
Urea Cycle
Gluconeogenesis

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13
Q

Biochemical pathways that occur in the mitochondria

A

FA Oxidation (B oxidation)
Acetyl CoA production
TCA cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

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14
Q

Major biochemical pathways that occur strictly in the CYTOPLASM

A 
FA Synthesis 
Glycolysis 
Pentose phosphate pathway
Cholesterol synthesis 
Steroid synthesis (SER)
Protein synthesis (RER)
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15
Q

The only 2 mechanisms how fats in the diet can be converted to glucose

FAT —?—> Glucose

A

Odd chain fatty acid via Propionyl CoA

Glyerol from Triglycerid breakdown

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16
Q

Primary substrate/metabolic intermediate for gluco-neo-genesis

A

Oxalo-Acetate

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17
Q

ONLY pathways available in RBCs

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

Pentose phosphate pathway

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18
Q

Term used to describe metabolic pathways that act as link between anabolic and catabolic pathways

A

Amphibolic-TCA cycle

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19
Q

Equation used to compute for the concentration of weak acid and its conjugate base

A

Henderson Hasselbalch Equation

pH = pKa + log [unprotonated/protonated]

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20
Q

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

A

7 dehydro-cholesterol reductase deficiency

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21
Q

Enzyme responsible for phosphorylating glucose in the liver and pancreatic Beta cells
High km, high vmax
Induced by insulin,
NOT inhibited by glucose 6 phosphate feedback

A

Gluco-kinase

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22
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Pyruvate kinase

A

Glycolysis

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23
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Phospho-fructo-kinase 1

A

Glycolysis

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24
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Phospho-fructo-kinase 2

A

Glycolysis

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25
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Hexokinase

A

Glycolysis

26
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Phospho-glycerate kinase

A

BOTH
Glycolysis
Gluco-neo-genesis

27
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Fructose 1 6 bis-phosphatase

A

Gluco neo genesis

28
Q

Enzyme from Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, or BOTH:

Glucose 6 phosphatase

A

Gluco neo genesis

29
Q

Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxy-kinase

A

Gluco neo genesis

30
Q

RLE of TCA cycle

A

Iso-citrate dehydrogenase

31
Q

RLE of de novo PYRIMADINE synthesis

A

CPS-2

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase 2

32
Q

RLE of urea cycle

A

CPS 1

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase 1

33
Q

Positive allosteric regulator of Urea cycle and its RLE

A

N Acetyl Glutamate

34
Q

RLE of de novo PURINE synthesis

A

Glutamin PRPP Amido-transferase

35
Q

RLE of ketogenesis

A

HMG CoA synthase

36
Q

Predominant type of estrogen and source menopausally

A

Adipose tisse estr-ONE

37
Q

Most important pathway for cholesterol excretion

A

Excretion through the bile

38
Q 
Which is NOT a mono-saccharide 
Glycerol
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
A

Glycerol

39
Q 
Which is NOT a disaccharide
Lactose 
Sucrose 
Maltose 
Amylose
A

Amylose

40
Q

Backbone of sphingomyelin

A

Ceramide

41
Q

Name the essential amino acids (9)

A

Histidine,

Methionine,
Iso-leucine,
Leucine,
Lysine,

Phenylalanine,

Threonine,

Tryptophan, and

Valine.

42
Q

Apo-lipo-protein that mediates remnant re-uptake

A

APO-E

43
Q

Apo-lipo-protein that activates lipo-protein lipase

A

APO-C2

44
Q

Apo-lipo-protein that binds to the LDL receptor

A

APO-B100

45
Q

Name secondary protein structures

A 
Sheets 
Helices 
Bends 
Turns 
Loops
46
Q

Proteins that assist other proteins in the proper folding into their secondary structures and prevents aggregation

A

Chaperone proteins

47
Q

Neurological dse resulting from

  • mis-folding and accumulation of protein B amyloid and
  • reduction in acetyl-choline activity in the brain
A

Alzheimer’s Dse

48
Q

Syndrome characterized by kinky hair and growth retardation.

Reflects a deficiency of the copper which is required by lysyl oxidase, which catalyzes formation of the covalent cross links that strength collagen fibers

A

Menke’s syndrome

49
Q

What are the hematologic adaptations to high altitude

A

Increase:

  • RBCs
  • Hemoglobin
  • 2,3 BPG
50
Q

Metabolic pathway involved in the synthesis of 2,3- BPG

A

Luebering Rapoport Shunt

51
Q

LDH-1 and LDH-5 are enzymes used as biomarkers in the

A

Heart (LDH 1)

Liver (LDH 5)

52
Q

Cariac biomarker for MI that appears

  • Within 4-6h of MI
  • 24h Peak
  • 48-72 back to Baseline
A

CK MB

53
Q

Newborns with Hyaline membrane disease are deficient in

A

Di-Palmitoyl Phospha-tidyl-choline

54
Q

21st AA present in the active site of glutathione peroxidase and deiodinase and other enzymes

A

Seleno-Cysteine

55
Q

Porphobilinogen de-aminase deficiency

+ associated with predominant skin manifestations

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

56
Q

MC subtype of porphyria and cause by deficiency of uro-por-phrynogen decarboxylase

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

57
Q

Anti-oxidant vitamins

A

Vit A
Vit C
Vit E

58
Q

Alcoholic man with blurring of vision, muscle weakness, incoordination, altered sensorium, dementia should be given what vitamin

A

Thiamine

59
Q

What does digestion of starch stop in the stomach

A

Acid pH deactivates salivary amylase

60
Q

MOA of tetano-spasmin

A

Cleaves synapto-brevin –> preventing GABA release

TN Biochemistry (9 decks)

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