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**Oral Biology > TMJ > Flashcards

TMJ Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of joints generally permit very little movement?

A

Fibrous joints

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2
Q

Give three examples of Fibrous joints

A
  1. Suture (in the skull)
  2. Tooth socket (gomphosis)
  3. Syndesmosis (plural syndesmoses)
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3
Q

What is a syndesmosis?

A

Immovable connective tissue holding bones together (tibia and fibula)

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4
Q

Other than fibrous joints, what other type of joint permit very little movement?

A

Cartilaginous joints

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5
Q

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

A
  1. Primary

2. Secondary

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6
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Synchondroses

- Bone and cartilage in direct apposition (sternocostal junction)

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7
Q

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint?

A
  • Symphyses

- Fibrous tissue internally in the joint

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8
Q

What type of joints are typically thought of as moving parts?

A

Synovial joints

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9
Q

Synovial joints consists of what?

A

A capsule filled with synovial fluid contained in a synovial membrane

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10
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A
  • Synovial

- Specifically a synovial sliding-ginglymoid joint

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11
Q

The TMJ articulation is composed of what?

A
  1. Condyle
  2. Mandible
  3. Glenoid fossa
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12
Q

More than opening and closing, the TMJ can perform what other types of movements?

A

Combinations of:

  1. Protrusive
  2. Extrusive
  3. Retrusive
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13
Q

What provides the track that the condyle slides along?

A

The glenoid fossa

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14
Q

What binds the condyle in the fossa anteriorly?

A

Articular eminence

*Condyle moves in front of it when the jaw opens

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15
Q

The ______ is able to rotate and translate in various ways

A

Condyle

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16
Q

The synovial cavity is divided into two compartments by what?

A

the articular disk

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17
Q

What are the two compartments of the TMJ?

A
  1. Upper joint cavity (adjacent to glenoid fossa)

2. Lower joint cavity (adjacent to the condyle)

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18
Q

T/F The articular disc is a distinct structure in the TMJ

A

False, it is effectively an extension of the synovial capsule

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19
Q

The articular disk runs between two bones, then flares outwards in sheets, attaching to both the ___ and the ______, and thus envelopes the joint.

A
  1. Condyle

2. Glenoid fossa

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20
Q

Mandible forms by _________ ossification and is associated with what type of cartilage?

A
  1. Intramembranous

2. Meckels

21
Q

Meckel’s cartilage forms the _______ directly and articulates with the ________. This forms a primitive _________ joint before the development of the condyle and temporal bone

A
  1. Malleus
  2. Incus
  3. Primary
22
Q

Articulation between the temporal bone and then forms the TMJ is what type of joint?

A

Secondary

23
Q

The articular surfaces of the joint are covered with what?

A

Fibrous connective tissue

*This is different from hyaline cartilage

24
Q

What is the fibrous covering of the condyle known as?

A

Lamina splendens

25
Q

Describe the lamina splendens

A

A layer of mostly avascular type I collagen with smattering of fibroblasts scattered around

26
Q

The glenoid fossa is covered by a ________ attached directly to the _____, while the articular eminence is overlaid by ________

A
  1. Thin fibrous layer
  2. Temporal bone
  3. Thicker fibrous layer
27
Q

T/F There is a significant amount of cartilage associated with the articular surfaces of the joint proper

A

False, but there is some to be found deeper into the condyle and the articular eminence

28
Q

The layers of cartilage found deep in the condyle and articular eminence have a layer of progenitor cells with spawn ______, which then secrete _____ containing ______ around themselves

A
  1. Chondroblasts
  2. ECM
  3. Type II collagen
29
Q

Once the chondroblasts do their thing, they form _______ chondrocytes, which in turn undergo ________ ossification and leave a layer of __________

A
  1. Hypertrophic Chondrocytes
  2. Endochondral
  3. Fibrocartilage
30
Q

The formation of the hypertrophic chondrocytes and the endochondral ossification happens at what stages in life for each relevant part of the joint?

A
  1. Occurs early in life in the articular eminence

2. Condyle it happens around the age of 30

31
Q

The mandible is formed by intramembranous ossification but it is fair to say that the articular part of the TMJ is formed by _________

A

Endochondral ossification

32
Q

What does the joint capsule form for the TMJ?

A

The dense collagenous sac that the joint is located within

33
Q

The capsule has thickened regions which branch out to form _______

A

the temporomandibular ligament

34
Q

What does the tempormandibular ligament do?

A

Most important for restricting lateral and medial movement when the joint articulates

35
Q

The temporomandibular ligament restricts movement in 3 planes. What are they?

A
  1. Medial-lateral
  2. Superior-inferior
  3. Posteriorly
36
Q

Name to other ligaments in the TMJ that limit the inferior movement of the joint when the jaw is open

A
  1. Spenomandibular ligament

2. Stylomandibular ligament

37
Q

Posteriorly and anteriorly the articular disk is ______, leaving the condyle to rest on the thinner middle section when the jaw is closed

A

Thicker

38
Q

The articular disk is totally continous with the _________

A

Joint capsule

39
Q

The articular disk is a dense ______ structure and forms a surface for the head of the condyle to slide along when the jaw opens

A

fibrous

40
Q

In the articular disk, there is a _______ network that overlays _______ cells

A
  1. Collagen fiber

2. Fibroblast

41
Q

The joint capsule is lined by the ______, and contains a number of folds, which form _____ projecting into the joint cavity

A
  1. Synovial membrane

2. Villi

42
Q

What are the two layers of the Synovial membrane?

A
  1. Subintima

2. Intima

43
Q

Describe the subintima

A
  • Layer of loose CT containing elastin fibers and supporting vasculature
  • Contains various cells including macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts, mast cells and possibly others
  • It is more or less continuous with the fibrous tissue of the capsule
44
Q

Describe the intima

A
  • Innermost layer of synovial membrane

- Contains several layers of the synovial cells

45
Q

Name the two types of synovial cells that can be found in the intima

A
  1. A cells

2. B cells

46
Q

Describe the A cells in the synovial membrane

A

Resemble macrophages

47
Q

Describe the B cells in the synovial membrane

A

Like fibroblasts but contribute proteins found in the synovial fluid

48
Q

Describe the synovial fluid itself

A

Basically blood plasma, containing extra proteins and proteoglycans

49
Q

Name the 4 muscles of mastication

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Lateral pterygoid

**Oral Biology (10 decks)

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