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**Oral Biology > Regeneration and repair > Flashcards

Regeneration and repair Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 phases of tissue repair?

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Inflammatory
  3. Reparative (proliferative)
  4. Wound contraction and scarring (not always)
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2
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Clot formation

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3
Q

What is involved in the inflammatory step of tissue repair?

A

Infiltration of immune cells, initiation of repair

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4
Q

What is involved in the reparative phase of tissue regeneration?

A

Migration of cells, Formation of granulation tissue

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5
Q

What phase of tissue repair involves the transition of blood from a liquid to a fibrillar gel?

A

Hemostasis

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6
Q

What is the primary goal of hemostasis?

A

Stop the bleeding

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7
Q

What is the secondary goal of hemostasis?

A

Initiation of healing

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8
Q

What leads to the coagulation cascade?

A

Disruption of platelets

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9
Q

In hemostasis the _____ unites the edges of wound, and ________ provides a scaffold for future cell migration and repair

A
  1. Clot

2. Fibrin

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10
Q

How is a clot in the oral cavity different than the rest of the body?

A

Softer, more easily detached

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11
Q

What type of Hemostasis is described as the “Platelet Plug”?

A

Primary

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12
Q

Vascular spasm (constriction) and initial platelet plug in a damaged blood vessel happens in which type of hemostasis?

A

Primary

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13
Q

In primary Hemostasis, initiation of it occurs by exposure of collagen in _______ to circulating _______ factor

A
  1. Subendothelium

2. Von Willebrand factor

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14
Q

What does Von Willebrand factor do?

A

Causes platelet aggregation by interacting with platelet surface proteins

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15
Q

What receptor complex is associated with the function of von Willebrand factor?

A

GP1b-IX-V

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16
Q

How would platelets bind collagen directly?

A

via GPVI (Glycoprotein VI) and a2B1 integrin

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17
Q

In Primary hemostasis, Platelets activate and dump out tons of preformed cytoplasmic vesicles containing more _____, _____, and _______, and _____

A
  1. vWF
  2. Fibrinogen
  3. Coagulation factors V and XIII
  4. Platelet agonists serotonin and ADP
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18
Q

What anchors platelets together?

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

When does Secondary Hemostasis happen?

A

Simultaneously with or just after primary hemostasis

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20
Q

What is the main feature of secondary hemostasis?

A

Blood coagulation

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21
Q

T/F The cascade of Secondary hemostasis is a very simple one

A

False, it is fairly complex

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22
Q

What are the two pathways of secondary hemostasis?

A
  1. Extrinsic

2. Intrinsic

23
Q

What is the Extrinsic pathway of secondary hemostasis?

A
  1. Factor VII and tissue factor interactions (found around, often on fibroblasts), initiating cascade
    * It is called extrinsic because it requires tissue factor which isnormally not found in blood
24
Q

In secondary hemostasis, what is the intrinsic pathway?

A
  1. Initiated by damaged endothelium (collagen exposure)

* Called intrinsic because it involves factors found in the blood (i.e. not tissue factor)

25
The main point of hemostasisis the conversion of ______ into ______
1. Prothrombin | 2. Thrombin
26
What does thrombin do?
Converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin
27
Many of the steps in clotting require what?
Calcium
28
How does fibrin form a blood clot?
Cross-links and form a mesh, trapping red an white cells, resulting in blood clot
29
What are the first cells on the scene in an inflammatory response?
Neutrophils
30
How are neutrophils activated?
Antibody-antigen interactions, LPS, complement system
31
What cells arrive second in inflammation?
Macrophages
32
What phase of tissue repair involves cell migration under fibrin clot and creates a highly cellular granulation tissue?
Reparative/Proliferative *Mobilization of adjacent cells
33
What does Epithelial cell migration do in reparative/proliferative phase?
1. Formation of new basal lamina 2. redistribution of integrin receptors 3. Formation of new hemidesmososmes (cells form their own track) *Eventually forms a thin cover around the wound
34
In reparative phase, ____ recruitment occurs, with proliferation of _______ in the wound
1. fibroblast | 2. fibroblast
35
The fibroblasts recruited to the wound are both resident and new ones from mesenchymal progenitor cells T/F
True
36
In what phase do we get Endothelial cell proliferation andangiogenesis and what factors are involved in this?
1. Reparative/Proliferative | 2. TGFB, VEGF, FGF-2
37
What are the specialized fibroblasts involved in wound crontraction?
Myofibroblasts *increased actin/myosin
38
How do myofibroblastsperform wound contraction?
Align around the wound, form cell junctions and attach to connective tissue fibrin around wound (purse string)
39
T/F the initial collagen deposis by fibroblasts is very mobile.
False, immobile scar tissue and can be remodeled
40
T/F Generally there is no scarring of the oral mucosa
True
41
What can arrest the spread of infection into periodontal tissues?
Fibrosis
42
In periodontal disease, if the source of inflammation is removed what may happen?
It may be the formation of a fibrin clot that stimulates reattachment of connective tissues
43
Repair mechanism of PDL is broadly the same as in what organ?
Skin
44
What is different in PDL repair as opposed to skin repair?
Immediate remodeling of collagen by ligament fibroblasts = no scar
45
What can we add to PDL repair to encourage ligament reattachment?
Growth factors
46
What are the 3 primary zones in Dental Caries?
1. Surface and Body 2. Dark Zone 3. Translucent Zone
47
Describe the surface and body zone in dental caries?
Surface zone re-mineralizes, body is the primary zone of demineralization
48
Describe the dark zone of dental caries
Zone of increasing demineralization
49
Describe the transluscent zone of dental caries
Leading edge, caused by micro-pores which form in the enamel rod boundaries
50
How are caries dynamic?
Continual de-mineralization and re-mineralization, but a net loss
51
What are the 3 key components of Tissue Engineering?
1. Cell source 2. Material 3. Bioactive Component
52
Define Bioactive materials
Materials which are designed to drive repair/regeneration through the use of bioactive factors
53
T/F even after damage the pulp remains partially vital which leaves a reservoir of tissue to work with
True

**Oral Biology (10 decks)

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