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**Oral Biology > Regeneration and repair > Flashcards

Regeneration and repair Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 phases of tissue repair?

A
  1. Hemostasis
  2. Inflammatory
  3. Reparative (proliferative)
  4. Wound contraction and scarring (not always)
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2
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Clot formation

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3
Q

What is involved in the inflammatory step of tissue repair?

A

Infiltration of immune cells, initiation of repair

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4
Q

What is involved in the reparative phase of tissue regeneration?

A

Migration of cells, Formation of granulation tissue

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5
Q

What phase of tissue repair involves the transition of blood from a liquid to a fibrillar gel?

A

Hemostasis

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6
Q

What is the primary goal of hemostasis?

A

Stop the bleeding

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7
Q

What is the secondary goal of hemostasis?

A

Initiation of healing

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8
Q

What leads to the coagulation cascade?

A

Disruption of platelets

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9
Q

In hemostasis the _____ unites the edges of wound, and ________ provides a scaffold for future cell migration and repair

A
  1. Clot

2. Fibrin

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10
Q

How is a clot in the oral cavity different than the rest of the body?

A

Softer, more easily detached

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11
Q

What type of Hemostasis is described as the “Platelet Plug”?

A

Primary

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12
Q

Vascular spasm (constriction) and initial platelet plug in a damaged blood vessel happens in which type of hemostasis?

A

Primary

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13
Q

In primary Hemostasis, initiation of it occurs by exposure of collagen in _______ to circulating _______ factor

A
  1. Subendothelium

2. Von Willebrand factor

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14
Q

What does Von Willebrand factor do?

A

Causes platelet aggregation by interacting with platelet surface proteins

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15
Q

What receptor complex is associated with the function of von Willebrand factor?

A

GP1b-IX-V

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16
Q

How would platelets bind collagen directly?

A

via GPVI (Glycoprotein VI) and a2B1 integrin

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17
Q

In Primary hemostasis, Platelets activate and dump out tons of preformed cytoplasmic vesicles containing more _____, _____, and _______, and _____

A
  1. vWF
  2. Fibrinogen
  3. Coagulation factors V and XIII
  4. Platelet agonists serotonin and ADP
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18
Q

What anchors platelets together?

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

When does Secondary Hemostasis happen?

A

Simultaneously with or just after primary hemostasis

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20
Q

What is the main feature of secondary hemostasis?

A

Blood coagulation

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21
Q

T/F The cascade of Secondary hemostasis is a very simple one

A

False, it is fairly complex

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22
Q

What are the two pathways of secondary hemostasis?

A
  1. Extrinsic

2. Intrinsic

23
Q

What is the Extrinsic pathway of secondary hemostasis?

A
  1. Factor VII and tissue factor interactions (found around, often on fibroblasts), initiating cascade
    * It is called extrinsic because it requires tissue factor which isnormally not found in blood
24
Q

In secondary hemostasis, what is the intrinsic pathway?

A
  1. Initiated by damaged endothelium (collagen exposure)

* Called intrinsic because it involves factors found in the blood (i.e. not tissue factor)

25
Q

The main point of hemostasisis the conversion of ______ into ______

A
  1. Prothrombin

2. Thrombin

26
Q

What does thrombin do?

A

Converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin

27
Q

Many of the steps in clotting require what?

A

Calcium

28
Q

How does fibrin form a blood clot?

A

Cross-links and form a mesh, trapping red an white cells, resulting in blood clot

29
Q

What are the first cells on the scene in an inflammatory response?

A

Neutrophils

30
Q

How are neutrophils activated?

A

Antibody-antigen interactions, LPS, complement system

31
Q

What cells arrive second in inflammation?

A

Macrophages

32
Q

What phase of tissue repair involves cell migration under fibrin clot and creates a highly cellular granulation tissue?

A

Reparative/Proliferative

*Mobilization of adjacent cells

33
Q

What does Epithelial cell migration do in reparative/proliferative phase?

A
  1. Formation of new basal lamina
  2. redistribution of integrin receptors
  3. Formation of new hemidesmososmes (cells form their own track)

*Eventually forms a thin cover around the wound

34
Q

In reparative phase, ____ recruitment occurs, with proliferation of _______ in the wound

A
  1. fibroblast

2. fibroblast

35
Q

The fibroblasts recruited to the wound are both resident and new ones from mesenchymal progenitor cells T/F

A

True

36
Q

In what phase do we get Endothelial cell proliferation andangiogenesis and what factors are involved in this?

A
  1. Reparative/Proliferative

2. TGFB, VEGF, FGF-2

37
Q

What are the specialized fibroblasts involved in wound crontraction?

A

Myofibroblasts

*increased actin/myosin

38
Q

How do myofibroblastsperform wound contraction?

A

Align around the wound, form cell junctions and attach to connective tissue fibrin around wound (purse string)

39
Q

T/F the initial collagen deposis by fibroblasts is very mobile.

A

False, immobile scar tissue and can be remodeled

40
Q

T/F Generally there is no scarring of the oral mucosa

A

True

41
Q

What can arrest the spread of infection into periodontal tissues?

A

Fibrosis

42
Q

In periodontal disease, if the source of inflammation is removed what may happen?

A

It may be the formation of a fibrin clot that stimulates reattachment of connective tissues

43
Q

Repair mechanism of PDL is broadly the same as in what organ?

A

Skin

44
Q

What is different in PDL repair as opposed to skin repair?

A

Immediate remodeling of collagen by ligament fibroblasts = no scar

45
Q

What can we add to PDL repair to encourage ligament reattachment?

A

Growth factors

46
Q

What are the 3 primary zones in Dental Caries?

A
  1. Surface and Body
  2. Dark Zone
  3. Translucent Zone
47
Q

Describe the surface and body zone in dental caries?

A

Surface zone re-mineralizes, body is the primary zone of demineralization

48
Q

Describe the dark zone of dental caries

A

Zone of increasing demineralization

49
Q

Describe the transluscent zone of dental caries

A

Leading edge, caused by micro-pores which form in the enamel rod boundaries

50
Q

How are caries dynamic?

A

Continual de-mineralization and re-mineralization, but a net loss

51
Q

What are the 3 key components of Tissue Engineering?

A
  1. Cell source
  2. Material
  3. Bioactive Component
52
Q

Define Bioactive materials

A

Materials which are designed to drive repair/regeneration through the use of bioactive factors

53
Q

T/F even after damage the pulp remains partially vital which leaves a reservoir of tissue to work with

A

True

**Oral Biology (10 decks)

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