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**Oral Biology > Dentin Pulp Complex II > Flashcards

Dentin Pulp Complex II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the living, highly cellular core of the tooth?

A

Dental pulp

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2
Q

What is the primary cell type of the Dental pulp?

A

Fibroblasts followed by odontoblasts

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3
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the dental pulp?

A

Arises from the dental papilla, ectomesenchymal tissue

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4
Q

What are the support structures for the mineralized components of the tooth found in the dental pulp?

A
  1. Blood vessels
  2. Enervation
  3. Fibroblasts
  4. Pool of immune cells
  5. Pool of pregenitor cells for replacement and repair
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5
Q

What are the 4 histological zones of dental pulp from outer to inner?

A
  1. Odontoblast layer
  2. Cell free zone of Weil
  3. Cell rich (cell dense zone)
  4. Pulp core
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6
Q

The Extracellular matrix of the dental pulp contains which types of collagen?

A
  • Mostly Collagen III

- Also some Collagen I

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7
Q

The Dental pulp ECM is a soft ______ matrix

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

T/F The dental pulp ECM contains numerous non collagenous proteoglycans and glycoproteins

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What happens to the make up of the pulp ECM with age?

A
  • Collagen content increases
  • Fibrils aggregate into larger bundles

*Greatest concentration apically

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10
Q

The ground substance of the pulp will contain what?

A
  1. Proteoglycans (GAG chains)
  2. Glycoproteins
  3. Water (physiological fluid)
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11
Q

List the 5 common proteoglycans found in the pulp

A
  1. Chondroitin-6-sulfate
  2. Chondroitin-4-sulfate
  3. Heparin Sulfate
  4. Dermatan sulfate
  5. Keratan sulfate
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12
Q

What is the key dentin-pulp complex cell type?

A

Odontoblasts

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13
Q

Odontoblasts are _______ cells which have their ______ toward the pulpal side of the cell and their _______ towards the dentinal side

A
  1. Polarized
  2. Elongated nucleus
  3. Secretory components (Golgi Bodies)
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14
Q

Where would Odontoblasts be larger and more columnar?

A

In the crown

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15
Q

Where would odontoblasts be more cuboidal?

A

Toward the root

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16
Q

Odontoblasts form a discrete layer of cells held together by ________

A

Junctional complexes

*Adherans junctions not zonular

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17
Q

T/F Odontoblasts can form gap junctions with pulpal fibroblasts

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Because of the way they are held together, Odontoblasts cell layers may have a degree of ________ through which _______ may pass

A
  1. permeability

2. serum proteins

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19
Q

Odontoblasts function to create and maintain _____ and are supported by __________

A
  1. Dentin

2. The rest of the pulp

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20
Q

Odontoblasts produce and secrete what kinds of proteins?

A

Collagen and Non-collagenous

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21
Q

T/F Odontoblasts produce and sequester key growth factors in dentin matrix

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Give 4 examples of key growth factors that come from odontoblasts

A
  1. VEGF
  2. TGF-beta-1
  3. BMP-2
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23
Q

At what location on the cell do odontoblasts release secretory vesicles?

A

Primarily found in the OD process

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24
Q

The release of secretory vesicles from OD process continues throughout the lifespan of the OD, forming _________

A

Peritubular dentin

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25
Q

What are some distinct characteristics of aged odontoblasts?

A
  1. Fewer organelles
  2. Less secretory activity
  3. Nucleus somewhat more central
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26
Q

Describe OD turnover

A
  • Assumed to be long lived

- Can be replaced from mesenchymal progenitor pool

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27
Q

OD turnover is key to what?

A

Responsiveness of tooth and capacity for self repair

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28
Q

Odontoblasts communicate with what other cells?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Nerve cells
  3. Immune cells of the pulp
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29
Q

How far do the OD processes extend?

A
  • Not agreed upon
  • Possibly all the way to the DEJ
  • Prehaps only around 1/3 of the way into the dentin
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30
Q

Sequestered GFs in the dentin matrix play a role in what?

A

Recruitment of new OD

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31
Q

What is the predominant cell type found in dentin-pulp complex?

A

Fibroblasts

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32
Q

Where do you find fibroblasts in the dentin-pulp complex?

A

Found in the pulp core and cell rich zone

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33
Q

What do Fibroblasts do for the dentin-pulp complex?

A

Produce and maintain the supportive matrix of the pulpal tissue

34
Q

The pulpal tissue matrix that is supported by the fibroblasts supports what?

A
  1. Progenitor cells
  2. Immune cells
  3. Vasculature
  4. Lymph
  5. Nervous tissues
35
Q

T/F Fibroblasts may have a role in facilitating mesenchymal progenitor cell recruitment and differentiation

A

TRUE

36
Q

Mesenchymal progenitor cells are present where?

A

in dental pulp

37
Q

In response to ______, mesenchymal progenitor cells are recruited to form ________

A
  1. Damage

2. New Ondontoblast-like cells

38
Q

Dental pulp progenitor cells are involved in ________

A

Reparative dentin formation

39
Q

As far as immune cells go, _______ are present in the dental pulp as part of innate immunity

A

Macrophages

40
Q

Healthy pulp has a key role in ________

A

cell turnover and clearance

41
Q

Healthy pulp has involvement in __________

A

Immune response to infection

*IL-1B, TNF-a

42
Q

Concerning Adaptive immunity, what type of cells can be found in the pulp?

A

Dendritic cells

43
Q

Where are the dendritic cells found in the pulp?

A

Under the odontoblast layer

44
Q

T/F T and B lymphocytes are also in the pulp

A

TRUE

*especially in infected pulp

45
Q

Dendritic cells are especially closely related with what components of the pulp?

A

Neuronal and vascular

**has to do with coordinated tissue responses

46
Q

Where does pulp vascular supply arise from?

A

External carotid arteries and superior/inferior alveolar arteries

47
Q

_______ arterioles per root access the pulp through the _______ and spreads upward into the coronal pulp

A
  1. 4-8

2. Apical foramen

48
Q

What is the progression of blood supply in the pulp?

A
  1. Arterioles
  2. Capillaries
  3. Venules
49
Q

As arterioles proceed into the pulp, _________ increases, _________ decreases

A
  1. Caliber

2. Vessel wall

50
Q

Capillaries network is present where?

A

In the cell free zone

*during dentin formation present in the odontoblast layer

51
Q

Venules leave the apical foramen and connect to ______ and drain ultimately into _______

A
  1. Superior and inferior alveolar veins

2. Internal jugular vein

52
Q

What does it mean for the lymphatic supply to be in a steady state in the pulp?

A

Lymph flow is equal to arterial interstitial flow

53
Q

Describe the lymphatic vessels in the pulp

A

Thinner walls, epithelial lining and smooth muscle layer

54
Q

What do lymph vessels do for the pulp?

A

Drain vascular exudate, interstitial fluid out of the pulp

55
Q

Nerve fibers branch out through the coronal pulp forming what?

A

The plexus of Raschkow

56
Q

T/F Plexus of Raschkow are most present in root pulp

A

FALSE They don’t exist in root pulp, only branches of nerve fibers

57
Q

Afferent nerve fibers to the pulp come from where?

A

Trigeminal

58
Q

Sympathetic branches in the pulp come from where?

A

Cervical Ganglion

59
Q

What does the innervation of the pulp function to do?

A
  • Control blood flow
  • Nociception
  • Maybe immune response
60
Q

The nerves in the pulp run in close contact with ______

A

Blood vessels

61
Q

Nerve bundles in the pulp consist of which type of axons?

A
  • Myelinated (Adelta)

- Unmyelinated (C)

62
Q

Myelination decreases as fibers proceed towards the ________

A

Coronal pulp

63
Q

Some unmyelinated nerve axons pass into __________ and are closely associated with ________

A
  1. Dentinal tubules

2. Odontoblasts

64
Q

What is the role of the nerve axons that run up into the dentinal tubules?

A

No clear understanding of their role

65
Q

What are the 3 proposed models of dentin sensitivity?

A
  1. Direct innervation
  2. Odontoblast nociception
  3. Tubule fluid conductance (hydrodynamic)
66
Q

What is the thought behind Direct innervation for dentin sensitivity?

A

There are nerves in some tubules, but a minority

67
Q

What is the thought behind Odontoblast nociception causeing dentin sensitivity?

A

Odontoblasts are neural crest cerived buta natomically do not synapse extensively with pulpal nerves; gap junctions exist however

68
Q

What is the though behind Tubule fluid conductance in dentin sensitivity?

A

Local anesthetics applied to exposed dentin ineffective, changes in fluid levels can cause sensitivity

69
Q

What is a pulp stone?

A

Mineralized tissue formed inappropriately in the pulp

70
Q

What is a “free” pulp stone?

A

Surrounded by soft pulp tissue

71
Q

What is an “attached” pulp stone?

A

Bound to dentin or embedded in secondary dentin

72
Q

What is a “true” pulp stone?

A

-Containing tubules and associated wit odontoblast-like cells (rare)

73
Q

What is a “false” pulp stone?

A
  • Consisting of atubular mineralized tissue, sometimes with necrotic tissue at the center
  • these are more common
74
Q

T/F Pulp Stones can grow large enough to compress pulp and make debridement difficult

A

TRUE

75
Q

Where do pulp stones occur?

A

Around collagen fibers, dead cell aggregates to thrombi

76
Q

Pulp stones are more prevalent after how many years of life?

A

50

77
Q

As you age, what causes recession of the pulp?/

A

Secondary dentin formation

*reduction in cell number (pulp cells I think)

78
Q

What happens to the cell response to stimuli as you age?

A

It decreases

79
Q

What happens to pulp permeability as you age?

A

It decreases
-Peritubular occlusion

-leads to more brittle teeth

80
Q

In aged pulp there is a loss of _______ which leads to a decrease in _________

A
  1. Nerve axons

2. Sensitivity

81
Q

What happens in the central pulp as you age?

A

Dystrophic Calcification

**Oral Biology (10 decks)

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