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**Oral Biology > Eruption and Shedding > Flashcards

Eruption and Shedding Flashcards

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1
Q

List the types of physiologic tooth movements

A
  1. Preeruptive
  2. Eruptive
  3. Posteruptive
  4. Shedding
  5. Avulsion
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2
Q

What are preeruptive physiologic tooth movements?

A

Positioning of tooth germs prior to eruption

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3
Q

What are eruptive physiologic tooth movements?

A

The movement of the tooth into functional occlusion

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4
Q

What are posteruptive physiologic tooth movements?

A

Movements in compensation for the growth of the jaws/wear. Meant to keep the tooth in occlusion

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5
Q

What is shedding?

A

The programmed loss of the primary teeth to make way for the permanent dentition

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6
Q

What is avulsion?

A

An extreme example of non physiologic tooth movement

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7
Q

T/F Occlusion is the main functional requirement for teeth, as most normal tooth movements are aimed at maintaining the teeth in occlusion

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Permanent teeth develop in what spatial relation to primary tooth germs?

A

Lingually

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9
Q

Which permanent teeth have primary counterparts?

A
  1. Incisors
  2. Canines
  3. Premolars
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10
Q

T/F Permanent and primary teeth start in the same crypt

A

True, but they eventually develop their own separate crypt in the bone

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11
Q

The dental lamina extends backwards to give rise to what?

A

1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars

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12
Q

As the maxilla and mandible grow, what effect does that have on tooth germs?

A

There is a bit of crowding and they have to shift around a little bit

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13
Q

As primary teeth move into position for eruption, where do the permanent teeth go?

A

They shift into an apical and lingual position (where they have primary counterparts)

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14
Q

Where do preeruptive movements take place? And what does that make them associated with?

A

In a boney crypt, and are thus associate with both resorption and/or deposition

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15
Q

What is the basic purpose of preeruptive movements?

A

Position the tooth for eruption

**Occur as the tooth germ develops

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16
Q

How are movements of the tooth germ accomplished?

A

Either:

  1. Whole tooth germ moves (or is moved by something else)
  2. Directional Growth (like enamel knot)
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17
Q

Eruptive tooth movements are ____ or ______

A
  1. Axial

2. Occlusal

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18
Q

Describe the eruptive movement of primary teeth

A

Fusion of oral epithelium with the reduced enamel epithelium, creating an epithelium lined channel through which the tooth emerges

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19
Q

Describe the preeruptive movement of Maxillary molars

A

First, the occlusal surfaces arrive somewhat distally, then shift “down” into place when there is room

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20
Q

Describe the preeruptive movement of mandibular molars

A
  • Follow the maxillary molars (?)

- Have a more mesial inclination, which swing into occlusion when there is room (or not)

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21
Q

Permanent successional tooth forms in a ________ under the _______

A
  1. seconday bony crypt

2. primary tooth

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22
Q

What is the channel that develops between the alveolar bone around the primary tooth and the permanent tooth as it erupts?

A

Gubernacular Canal

*Forms along the remnants of the dental lamina attached to the lamina propria (gubernacular cord)

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23
Q

What is the intraosseous rate of eruption of permanent teeth?

A

1-10 um/day

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24
Q

What is the rate of eruption of permanent teeth in the gubernacular canal?

A

up to 75 um/day

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25
Q

T/F the forces that generate eruptive movements are not precisely known

A

True

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26
Q

What are the theories of forces that drive eruption?

A
  1. Bone remodeling theory
  2. Root growth theory
  3. Vascular pressure theory
  4. Cushion hammock theory
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27
Q

What are the components of the Bone remodeling theory?

A
  1. Bone deposits under an erupting tooth propelling it ‘outwards’
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28
Q

What are the components of the root growth therapy?

A
  1. Root formation pushes the tooth outwards
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29
Q

What is the Vascular pressure theory?

A

Blood vessels at the tooth apex push it outwards via hydrostatic pressure

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30
Q

What is the Cushion Hammock theory?

A

A magic ligament under the tooth pushes it out

31
Q

What are the problems with the bone remodeling theory?

A
  • Removal of dental follicle=no bone remodeling and thus no eruption
    • Replica ‘teeth’ placed in an intact follicle still form an eruption pathway
32
Q

What are the problems with the Root growth theory?

A
  1. Root formation pushes against what?
  2. Not enough root to account for the movement to occlusal plane
  3. If you cut off the roots, the tooth will still erupt
33
Q

What are the problems with the vascular pressure theory?

A
  1. No way is this pressure sufficient

2. When you remove the vascular supply, teeth still erupt

34
Q

What are the problems with the cushion hammock theory?

A

This ligament most probably does not exist

35
Q

What is currently thought to be the driving force for tooth eruption?

A

The PDL, developing after root formation

36
Q

How is it thought that the PDL helps with tooth eruption?

A

PDL fibroblasts pull against each other and collagen bundles, exerting pressure on the tooth

37
Q

T/F It is possible for rootless teeth to erupt

A

True

38
Q

T/F As long as a tooth gets to the point of developing a PDL, it will erupt

A

False,

It is possible for the eruption of teeth with a PDL to fail

39
Q

What is a critical element for tooth eruption and initiates bone resorption and the breakdown of soft tissues allowing for eruption?

A

The dental follicle

40
Q

What plays a similar role as the dental follicle and may also signal the dental follicle when the tooth is ‘ready’?

A

The reduced enamel epithelium

41
Q

What are the two key mediating factors of eruption?

A
  1. Tissue resorption

2. Tissue Formation

42
Q

What are the factors involved in Tissue resorption?

A
  1. Colony Stimulating Factor-1
  2. Interleukin 6
  3. Interleukin 1a
  4. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1
43
Q

What are the factors involved in tissue formation?

A
  1. BMP-2
  2. BMP-6
  3. Runx2
  4. TGFbeta
  5. EGF
44
Q

Which tissues are effected most by resorption?

A
  1. Bone
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Epithelium
45
Q

Which tissues are effected most by formation?

A
  1. Bone
  2. PDL
  3. Root formation
46
Q

List 3 reasons post eruptive tooth movements occur

A
  1. To accommodate the growing jaws
  2. Compensate for occlusal wear
  3. Compensate for interproximal wear
47
Q

What is the genaral accomodation for growth in post eruptive movement?

A

Bone remodeling to compensate for increasing height

48
Q

What type of tooth movement is orthodontic movement similar to?

A

Post eruptive movements (by applied forces)

49
Q

How does orthodontic tooth movement happen?

A

By applying gentle constant forces on a tooth, tooth socket and PDL remodeling occurs, moving the tooth into a new relative position

50
Q

What are the consequences of Orthodontics not being a physiological movement?

A
  • Does involve some tissue damage and internal gone resorption
  • Probably due to imperfect force distribution within the PDL
51
Q

What does tension on a tooth cause?

A

Remodeling of PDL fibers and bone depostion

52
Q

What does Compression on a tooth cause?

A

Remodeling of PDL fibers and bone resorption

53
Q

What is hyalinization?

A

Damage to cells in the PDL

*Loss of cells=no remodeling

54
Q

How would you cause pulp damage in ortho?

A

-Tweak it too hard and you damage the vascular access of the tooth

55
Q

What compensates for occlusal wear?

A

The PDL most likely helps keep the tooth in occlusion

56
Q

Deposition of ________/________ may help keep the tooth in its ‘adjusted’ position

A

Cementum/Alveolar bone

57
Q

What compensates for interproximal wear?

A

Mesial drift

*Teeth tend to move in a mesial direction

58
Q

Why do teeth tend to drift in a mesial direction?

A

Loading of the back teeth push the front ones together in a mesial fashion

*bite force in an anterior direction push them against each other

59
Q

What is important for ensuring relative tooth movement?

A

Transseptal ligament fibers of the PDL

60
Q

What helps to keep teeth in the new orientation when they move mesially?

A

Bone/PDL remodeling

61
Q

What is shedding?

A

When deciduous teeth fall out

62
Q

Describe the shedding of incisors and canines

A

Preceded by resorption of deciduous roots on the lingual surface

63
Q

What is something important about the shedding of primary molars?

A

Preceded by interradicular dentin and root resorption

64
Q

Since components of the permanent tooth are driving resorption, where does resorption usually occur?

A

Contact points

65
Q

The resorption of the hard tissues like dentin and cementum are mostly as result o what?

A

Action of Odontoclasts

66
Q

What are odontoclasts?

A

Basically osteoclasts

67
Q

How are the PDL and soft tissues resorbed?

A
  • Presumably a combination of cells/enzymes

- PDL fibroblast cell death clearly contributes to this process

68
Q

What can speed the resporption of primary teeth?

A

pressure from the advancing permanent tooth

69
Q

T/F A primary tooth with no permanent tooth under it will never shed

A

FALSE, it will shed just much later

70
Q

The stimulation for shedding is a combination of what factors?

A
  1. Pressure from erupting teeth cause some resorption
  2. Leading to decreased mechanical stability
  3. Then leads to further resorption of the tooth
71
Q

Generally, exfoliation of teeth is symmetrical from left to right T/F

A

True

72
Q

Mandibular teeth are generaly shed prior to their maxillary counterparts, what is the exception?

A

The primary 2nd molars, generally happens all 4 at once

*Ladies first usually

73
Q

What is the general shedding order in the mandible?

A

Anterior to posterior

*Sometimes molars before canines

74
Q

What is the general shedding order in the maxilla?

A

Anterior to posterior except 1st molars fall out before the canines

**Oral Biology (10 decks)

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