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Head & Neck Anatomy > TMJ > Flashcards

TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

**What does TMJ stand for?

A

temporomandibular joint

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2
Q

**What is a joint?

A

The joining together of 2 bones - many possible types

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3
Q

**The TMJ is the articulation between what two bones?

A

Mandible and temporal bones

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4
Q

**What are the four skeletal formations of these bones connected with the TMJ?

A
  • Condyle of the mandible
  • articular eminence of temporal
  • mandibular fossa (glenoid)
  • posterior tubercle
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5
Q

***Describe the Articular Disc. What is another name for this disc?

A

Meniscus. Small fibrous pad of dense collagen tissue
- no blood supply or nerves at center but rich supply in posterior region
- thinnest at center
- much thicker at posterior area
Attached - above to temporal bone
- below to cirumference of condyle
- posterior to ramus

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6
Q

**What are the Synovial Cavities and what does the fluid in these cavities provide?

A

Sac-like compartments above and below the meniscus.
Cells of lining secrete lubricant for the joint.
Allows surfaces to rub together without irritation.
Also nutrients for cells of meniscus.

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7
Q

**What is the Articular Capsule? (Name is joint capsule in text) Is this the same as the TMJ ligament? Explain your answer.

A

It is different than ligament.
Ligament is lateral thickening of capsule.
It attaches between zygomatic arch and lateral pole of condyle.
Prevents extreme movements
A capsule is a sock like structure / connective tissue that surrounds the joint - attaches above and below.

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8
Q

**Describe what is meant by Subluxation:

A

Condyles slip forward to articular eminence (cant close the jaw)

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9
Q

**Describe what is meant by Bruxism:

A

Excess grinding - teeth to teeth habit causing abnormal wear - usually occurs at night.
May cause TMJ soreness. Over function of muscles.

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10
Q

**What are the two TMJ movements and when do they occur?

A

Hinge: rotation. lower synovial cavity and condyle upon opening

Gliding: joins rotational movement as teeth open further. Upper cavity - gliding of condyle along posterior of articular eminence.

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11
Q

**What is the cause of most TMJ pain?

A

Muscular pain is most likely.

Also could be reffered pain. Clenching/Bruxism

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12
Q

What type of joint is the TMJ?

A

Compound Ginglymodiarthrodial Joint

Compound: articular disc between 2 opposing bones of a joint
Ginglymo: joint with a hinge motion
Diarthroidial: has synovial fluid

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13
Q

What are the structures and landmarks associated with the TMJ?

A 
Postglenoid process/tubercle
Zygomatic process
Articular eminence
Articular fossa
Condyle of mandible
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14
Q

What are the soft tissue structures between the bones of the TMJ?

A

Blood Vessels
Articular disc/ meniscus/ joint disc
Lower synovial cavity and upper
Lateral pterygoid muscle

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15
Q

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

it is the destruction of cartilage and synovial capsule, therefore lacks nourishment to disc and bone; entire joint becomes involved

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16
Q

What is the TMJ ligament?

A
  • It acts as the main suspensory ligament of the mandible during moderate opening movements
  • prevents excessive retraction/moving back of the mandible
  • Attachment from zygomatic arch and to posterior neck of condyle
17
Q

What is the Sphenomandibular ligament?

A
  • Acts as a suspensory ligament

- Attached from spine of sphenoid bone to the lingula

18
Q

What is the stylomandibular ligament?

A
  • It acts as a check-rein on the mandible and helps to prevent excessive anterior drift at the angle during the more extreme opening movements
  • Attaches from styloid process to the angle of the mandible (posterior/medial surface)
19
Q

What is the Lateral pterygoid muscle (aka external pterygoid)?

A

As this muscle contracts forward movement occurs of both the disc and the condyle

20
Q

What is the movement of the TMJ at rest?

A
  • Jaw is relaxed and teeth are separated slightly “ space is called the Freeway Space”
  • The condyles rest slightly on the posterior slope of the circular eminence
21
Q

What is the movement of the TMJ during Centric Occlusion? (CO)

A
  • Teeth are in maximum intercuspation
  • not a restful position
  • condyles are in the mandibular fossa
  • little or no upwards force
  • requires muscular effort
22
Q

What is the movement of the TMJ during Centric Relation? (CR)

A
  • Jaw is retruded from CO usually 2-3mm
  • This position requires muscular effort to maintain
  • mandible is in the most posterior position
  • condyles in the most upward position
  • “moving jaw backwards”
23
Q

What is protrusion?

A
  • condyles move anteriorly and inferiorly along the posterior slope of the articular eminence. The disc and condyle move together
  • mandibular moves anterior
24
Q

What is retrusion?

A
  • from centric occlusion, condyles and discs move upward and backward on the articular eminences to lie in the mandibular fossa
  • movement of the mandible from CR (TMJ) or CO (teeth)
  • mandible moves posterior
25
Q

What is lateral excursion?

A
  • basic side to side movements allow us to grind food

- mandible moves left / right

26
Q

What is vertical movements?

A
  • elevation and depression or closing and opening the mouth

- True hinge action

27
Q

What is happening to the condyles during depression/elevation as a vertical movement?
What happens during the maximum opening of the condyles?

A

-initially they undergo a slight rotation in the lower compartment, then they move downward and forward along the eminence

maximum opening: condyles rest atop the articular eminences

Elevation: opposite of depression

-Opening and closing of jaw

28
Q

What are some TMJ problems? (5)

A
  1. pain
  2. sounds
  3. subluxation
  4. bruxism
  5. arthritis
29
Q

Why might someone have TMJ pain?

A

Stress, trauma, missing teeth

  • diagnosed with assessment
  • may be reffered pain (from neck)
30
Q

Why would someone have sounds (popping/clicking) coming from TMJ movements?

A
  • thick posterior band gets caught between condyle and eminence (pop/clicks)
  • grinding sounds - possible degenerative / patho changes to structure

-diagnosed with assessment (feeling)

31
Q

What happens to the condyle during subluxation?

A

it moves forward to articular eminence

*requires assistance to return to position

32
Q

What is bruxism?

A
  • action of grinding teeth

* at night it wears the teeth and increases muscle fatigue = painful

33
Q

What type of arthritis can result from TMJ problems?

A

-rheumatoid/other = inflammatory changes in tissue

Head & Neck Anatomy (14 decks)

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