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Gateway > TLC - L3 - Hormones COPY > Flashcards

TLC - L3 - Hormones COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A substance secreted into the blood by specialized cells in response to a stimulus.

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2
Q

What was the first hormone identified?

A

Secretin - regulates secretions from intestine.

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3
Q

What is a neurocrine hormone?

A

Hormone released into synaptic cleft adjacent to where the neurone contacts the target cell.

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4
Q

What are the 4 main groups of hormones?

A
  • Peptide.
  • Steroid.
  • Tyrozine derivatives.
  • Eicosanoids.
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5
Q

What are peptide hormones synthesized from?

A

Amino acids.

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6
Q

What size are peptide hormones?

A

Variable.

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7
Q

Give examples of peptide hormones?

A
  • Thyrotropin releasing hormone.
  • Gonadotrophin releasing hormone.
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8
Q

What size are glycoprotein peptide hormones?

A

Large molecules.

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9
Q

Give examples of glycoprotein peptide hormones?

A

Gonadotrophins from the anterior pituitory:

  • Leutenising hormone.
  • Follicle stimulating hormone.
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10
Q

Where are steroid hormones synthesized?

A
  • Adrenal cortex.
  • Testis.
  • Ovary.
  • Placenta.
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11
Q

What are adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopamine and the thyroid hormones derived from?

A

Tyrozine.

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12
Q

What are the thyroid hormones?

A
  • Thyroxine.
  • Triodothyronine.
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13
Q

Name some lipid insoluble hormones - do not enter cells?

A
  • Adrenaline.
  • Noradrenaline.
  • Dopamine.
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14
Q

Are the thyroid hormones lipid soluble?

A

Yes.

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of eicosanoid messengers?

A
  • Prostaglandins.
  • Leukotrienes.
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16
Q

What kind of hormone is the growth hormone?

A

Peptide.

17
Q

What happens when growth hormone is activated?

A

Receptor and protein phosphorylation and downstream signalling cascades.

18
Q

What kind of receptor is the growth hormone receptor?

A

Cell-surface.

19
Q

What is IGF?

A

Insulin growth factor.

20
Q

What stimulates the production of IGF in the liver?

A

Growth hormone.

21
Q

Name 2 lipid soluble hormones ?

A
  • Thyroxine.
  • Triiodothyronine.
22
Q

What kind of receptor is the thyroid hormone receptor?

A

Intracellular - member of the nuclear receptor family.

23
Q

What happens when triiodothyronine and the thyroide hormone receptor bind?

A

Formation of homo or hetero-dimers.

24
Q

What are the gonadotrophins?

A
  • Leutenising hormone.
  • Follicle stimulating hormone.
25
Q

Where do the gonadotrophins bind?

A

G-protein coupled receptors at cell surface of gonadal cells.

26
Q

What is steroidogenesis?

A

Biological synthesis of steroids.

27
Q

What is the function of a hormone?

A

Regulate the activity of it’s target cells in a specific manner.

28
Q

What is important for endocrine glands to maintain their function?

A

Receive constant rapid information about the state of systems being regulated.

Gateway (17 decks)

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