TLC - L3 - Hormones COPY

Question 1

What is a hormone?

Answer 1

A substance secreted into the blood by specialized cells in response to a stimulus.

Question 2

What was the first hormone identified?

Answer 2

Secretin - regulates secretions from intestine.

Question 3

What is a neurocrine hormone?

Answer 3

Hormone released into synaptic cleft adjacent to where the neurone contacts the target cell.

Question 4

What are the 4 main groups of hormones?

Answer 4

• Peptide.
• Steroid.
• Tyrozine derivatives.
• Eicosanoids.

Question 5

What are peptide hormones synthesized from?

Answer 5

Amino acids.

Question 6

What size are peptide hormones?

Answer 6

Variable.

Question 7

Give examples of peptide hormones?

Answer 7

• Thyrotropin releasing hormone.
• Gonadotrophin releasing hormone.

Question 8

What size are glycoprotein peptide hormones?

Answer 8

Large molecules.

Question 9

Give examples of glycoprotein peptide hormones?

Answer 9

Gonadotrophins from the anterior pituitory:

• Leutenising hormone.
• Follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 10

Where are steroid hormones synthesized?

Answer 10

• Adrenal cortex.
• Testis.
• Ovary.
• Placenta.

Question 11

What are adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopamine and the thyroid hormones derived from?

Answer 11

Tyrozine.

Question 12

What are the thyroid hormones?

Answer 12

• Thyroxine.
• Triodothyronine.

Question 13

Name some lipid insoluble hormones - do not enter cells?

Answer 13

• Adrenaline.
• Noradrenaline.
• Dopamine.

Question 14

Are the thyroid hormones lipid soluble?

Answer 14

Yes.

Question 15

What are the 2 types of eicosanoid messengers?

Answer 15

• Prostaglandins.
• Leukotrienes.

Question 16

What kind of hormone is the growth hormone?

Answer 16

Peptide.

Question 17

What happens when growth hormone is activated?

Answer 17

Receptor and protein phosphorylation and downstream signalling cascades.

Question 18

What kind of receptor is the growth hormone receptor?

Answer 18

Cell-surface.

Question 19

What is IGF?

Answer 19

Insulin growth factor.

Question 20

What stimulates the production of IGF in the liver?

Answer 20

Growth hormone.

Question 21

Name 2 lipid soluble hormones ?

Answer 21

• Thyroxine.
• Triiodothyronine.

Question 22

What kind of receptor is the thyroid hormone receptor?

Answer 22

Intracellular - member of the nuclear receptor family.

Question 23

What happens when triiodothyronine and the thyroide hormone receptor bind?

Answer 23

Formation of homo or hetero-dimers.

Question 24

What are the gonadotrophins?

Answer 24

• Leutenising hormone.
• Follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 25

Where do the **gonadotrophins** bind?

Answer 25

**G-protein coupled receptors** at **cell surface** of **gonadal cells**.

Question 26

What is **steroidogenesis?**

Answer 26

**Biological synthesis** of **steroids.**

Question 27

What is the **function** of a hormone?

Answer 27

**Regulate** the activity of it's **target cells** in a specific manner.

Question 28

What is important for **endocrine glands** to maintain their function?

Answer 28

Receive constant rapid **information** about the **state of systems** being regulated.