Tissues Test #1 Flashcards
1
Q
adip-
A
fat
2
Q
adip- word example
A
adipose
3
Q
chondr-
A
cartilage
4
Q
chronr- word example
A
chondrocyte
5
Q
-cyt
A
cell
6
Q
-cyt word example
A
osteocyte
7
Q
epi-
A
upon
8
Q
epi- word example
A
epithelial
9
Q
-glia
A
glue
10
Q
-glia word example
A
neuroglia
11
Q
inter-
A
between
12
Q
inter- word example
A
intercalated
13
Q
macr-
A
large
14
Q
macr- word example
A
macrophage
15
Q
os-
A
bone
16
Q
os- word example
A
osseous
17
Q
pseud-
A
false
18
Q
pseud- word example
A
pseudostratified
19
Q
squam-
A
scale
20
Q
squam- word example
A
squamous
21
Q
strat-
A
layer
22
Q
strat- word example
A
stratified
23
Q
four major tissue types
A
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
24
Q
11 general characteristics of epithelial tissues
A
covers organs and body, lines body cavities, lines hollow organs, have a free surface, have basement membrane, avascular, cells readily divide, cells tightly packed, cells often desmosomes, function in protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, classified according to shape and number of layers
25
basement membrane
nonliving, underside of tissue that anchors to connective tissues
26
Avascular
no vessels
27
desmosomes
intercellular junctions between cells made of specialized adhesive protein complexes
28
Which tissue type has a single layer of thin, flattened cells?
single squamous epithelium
29
simple means...
one layer
30
squamous and cuboidal refer to the...
shape
31
Which tissue type has broad and thin nuclei
simple squamous epithelium
32
Which tissue type can nutrients pass easily through, it is found at sites of diffusion and filtration
single squamous epithelium
33
locations of single squamous epithelium (4)
alveoli of lungs, capillary walls, blood and lymph vessels, cover membranes that line body cavities
34
Which tissue type can be damaged easily because it is thin and delicate?
single squamous epithelium
35
Which tissue type has a single layer of cube shaped cells
simple cuboidal epithelium
36
Which tissue type has centrally located, spherical nuclei?
simple cuboidal
37
functions of simple cuboidal epithelium
secretion in glands and secretion and absorption in kidneys
38
locations of simple cuboidal epithelium
covers ovaries, lines most of kidney tubules, ducts of certain glands
39
Which tissue type has elongated cells and nuclei(longer than they are wide)?
simple columnar epithelium
40
Which tissue type has ciliated or noncilitated cells, located near the basement membrane?
simple columnar epithelium
41
ciliated vs non ciliated cells
ciliated cells have cilia to aid in movement, non ciliated cells lack cilia and goblet cells
42
Where are ciliated simple columnar epithelium located?
uterine tubes - helps move cell to uterus
43
Where are non ciliated simple columnar epithelium located?
line uterus and portions of digestive tract, stomach, and small and large intestines
44
What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?
protect underlying tissues, secrete digestive fluids, absorb nutrients from digested food
45
term for specialized flask shaped glandular cells scattered among columnar cells
goblet cells
46
function of goblet cells
secrete protective mucus onto free surface of tissue
47
Which tissue type has one layer with nuclei at different levels with the layer of cells?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
48
Which tissue type has all cells attached to a basement membrane, but may not all reach the free surface
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
49
Which tissue type commonly has cilia and goblet cells?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
50
What is the function of pseudostratified epithelium?
Line passages of the respiratory system and trap dust and microorganisms from the air in sticky mucus. The cilia move the mucus up and out of the airway.
51
Which tissue type has many layers, has cells that divide in deeper layers, pushing the new ones up, and forms the epidermis?
stratified squamous epithelium
52
epidermis
skin
53
Keratinization process and its effects
Aged cells accumulate keratin, harden, and then die. This process produces a dry, tough protective layer that prevents water and other substances from escaping. It also blocks various substances and microorganisms from entering.
54
Where in the body does stratified squamous epithelium not keratinize?
oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, anal canal
55
Which tissue type has two or three layers that form the lining of the lumen?
stratified cuboidal epithelium
56
What is the purpose of multiple layers?
more protection
57
locations of the stratified cuboidal epithelium
lines larger ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas, lining of developing ovarian follicles and seminiferous tubules
58
Which tissue type has several layers of cells, the superficial layers are columnar and the basement layers are cuboidal?
stratified columnar epithelium
59
Where are stratified columnar epithelium located?
male urethra and ductus deferens, parts of the pharynx
60
Which tissue type is specialized to change in response to increase tension?
Transitional Epithelium
61
Why is transitional epithelium important?
allows organs to be stretchable - prevents contents of the urinary tracts from diffusing back into the internal environment
62
locations of transitional epithelium
inner lining of urinary bladder, lines ureters and superior urethra
63
Which tissue type is composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids?
Glandular epithelium
64
Where is Glandular epithelium located
found in columnar or cuboidal epithelium and has a gland
65
difference between endocrine and exocrine glands
endocrine secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood, exocrine secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces
66
Where are exocrine glands found
skin and lining of digestive tract
67
What are the three types of exocrine glands?
Merocrine, Apocrine and Holocrine
67
Most exocrine glands are what type?
Merocrine
67
What type of exocrine gland has a fluid product released through a cell membrane by exocytosis?
Merocrine
67
Where are merocrine glands located
salivary glands, pancreatic glands, and sweat glands of the skin
68
Where are apocrine glands found and how do they work?
found in mammary glands and ceruminous glands(inner lining of ear), work by the free ends of the cell and the product pinching off during secretion
69
Which type of exocrine gland desinigrates entirely to release the secretory products with?
Holocrine Glands
70
Example of a holocrine gland
sebaceous (oil) glands of the skin
71
What two substances can be secreted by exocrine glands
serous fluid and mucus
72
What is serous fluid composed of?
water and a high concentration of enzymes
73
what is the function of serous fluid?
lubricate
74
Where is serous fluid found?
visceral and parietal membranes of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
75
This substance is thicker and richer in glycoproteins than serous fluid.
mucus
76
What secretes mucus and where are they found?
Goblet and Mucous cells secrete mucus that is found in the inner linings of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems.
77
what are the 8 functions of connective tissues?
bind structures, provide support and protection, serve as framework, fill spaces, store fat, produce blood cells, protect against infections, help repair tissue damage.
78
How do the cells of connective and epithelia tissue compare?
cells are farther apart in connective than epithelial.
79
Which of the four main tissue types has an extracellular matrix made of protein and a ground substance consiting of nonfibrous proteins-consistency varies from fluid to semisolid to solid
connective tissues
80
describe the vascularity of connective tissues
varies, most are well nourished
81
describe the flexibility of connective tissue
bone and cartilage are rigid, but loose and dense connective tissues are more flexibile
82
difference between fixed and wandering cells
fixed cells reside in the tissue for an extended period of time, wandering cells move through in response to injury or infection
83
example(s) of fixed cells
fibroblasts, mast cells
84
example(s) of wandering cells
macrophages
85
most common type of fixed cell, large, star shaped, produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
fibroblasts
86
Which type of cell has large and widely distributed, usually near blood vessels, released heparin and histamine
Mast cell
87
What does heparin do?
prevents blood from clotting
88
What does histamine do?
promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies
89
What cell type is also called histocytes of WBC, is almost as numerous as fibroblasts, and does phagocytosis to clear foreign particles from tissues?
Macrophages
90
