Skeletal System

Question 1

How are bones classified and what are the 5 categories?

Answer 1

classified by shape: short, long, flat, irregular, round

Question 2

example of a short bone

Answer 2

tarsals and carpals

Question 3

example of a long bone

Answer 3

femur, radiu, ulna

Question 4

example of flat bone

Answer 4

ribs, scapula

Question 5

example of irregular bone

Answer 5

vertebrae

Question 6

example of round bone

Answer 6

patella

Question 7

bony projections that provide sites of attachment for ligaments and tendons

Answer 7

processes

Question 8

dent or superficial hole in a bone that provides stability with an adjacent articulating bone

Answer 8

depression

Question 9

expanded portion at the ends of a bone

Answer 9

epiphysis

Question 10

the epiphysis closest to the trunk

Answer 10

proximal epiphysis

Question 11

the epiphysis furthest from the trunk

Answer 11

distal epiphysis

Question 12

Outer surface of the epiphysis is covered in what?

Answer 12

articular cartilage

Question 13

shaft between the epiphyses

Answer 13

diaphysis

Question 14

A tough, vascular covering of dense connective tissue that completely encloses the diaphysis

Answer 14

periosteum

Question 15

the wall of the diaphysis is mainly composed of tightly packed tissue called what?

Answer 15

compact of cortical bone

Question 16

the epiphyses are composed largely of branching boney plates. This material is called what?

Answer 16

spongy bone

Question 17

what are the bony plates in spongy bone called

Answer 17

trabeculae

Question 18

the hollow chamber in a semirigid tube in the diaphysis of a long bone

Answer 18

medullary cavity

Question 19

a thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 19

endosteum

Question 20

a soft connective tissue that fills the medullary cavity

Answer 20

marrow

Question 21

acetabul-

Answer 21

vinegar cup

Question 22

ax-

Answer 22

axis

Question 23

-blast

Answer 23

bud

Question 24

carp-

Answer 24

wrist

Question 25

-clast

Answer 25

break

Question 26

chondyl-

Answer 26

knob

Question 27

corac-

Answer 27

a crow's beak

Question 28

cribr-

Answer 28

sieve

Question 29

crist-

Answer 29

crest

Question 30

fov-

Answer 30

pit

Question 31

glen-

Answer 31

joint socket

Question 32

inter-

Answer 32

among, between

Question 33

intra-

Answer 33

inside

Question 34

meat-

Answer 34

passage

Question 35

odont-

Answer 35

tooth

Question 36

poie-

Answer 36

make, produce

Question 37

an incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone

Answer 37

greenstick fracture

Question 38

an incomplete longitudinal break

Answer 38

fissured fracture

Question 39

a complete and fragmented break

Answer 39

comminuted fracture

Question 40

a complete fracture that occurs at ta right angle to the axis of the bone

Answer 40

transverse fracture

Question 41

a fracture that occurs at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone

Answer 41

oblique fracture

Question 42

a fracture caused by excessive twisting of a bone

Answer 42

spiral fracture

Question 43

bending at a joint to decrease the angle of the parts

Answer 43

flexion

Question 44

bending at a joint to increase the angle of the parts

Answer 44

extension

Question 45

bring the foot towards the shin (walking on heels)

Answer 45

dorsiflexion

Question 46

takes the foot away from the shin (walking/standing on toes)

Answer 46

plantar flexion

Question 47

extension of parts at a joint beyond normal

Answer 47

hyperextension

Question 48

at a joint, move a part away from the midline of the body

Answer 48

abduction

Question 49

at a joint, move a part towards the midline of the body

Answer 49

adduction

Question 50

moving a part on an axis

Answer 50

rotation

Question 51

moving a part so its end forms a circular path

Answer 51

circumduction

Question 52

palm downward or facing posteriorly in anatomical position

Answer 52

pronation

Question 53

palm upward, or facing anteriorly in anatomical position

Answer 53

supination

Question 54

turning foot so the plantar surface faces medially

Answer 54

inversion

Question 55

to raise a part towards a superior direction

Answer 55

elevation

Question 56

to lower a part towards an inferior position

Answer 56

depression

Question 57

movement of a part in the posterior direction

Answer 57

retraction

Question 58

movement of a part in the anterior direction

Answer 58

protraction

Question 59

a joint where movement in all directions is permitted

Answer 59

ball and socket

Question 60

example of ball and socket

Answer 60

shoulder

Question 61

joint that permits movement in one plane

Answer 61

hinge

Question 62

example of a hinge joint

Answer 62

elbow, ankle

Question 63

joint that has two concave articulating surfaces, permits all motions but rotation

Answer 63

saddle joint

Question 64

saddle joint example

Answer 64

base of thumb

Question 65

a reduced ball and socket configuration, significant rotation is excluded

Answer 65

ellipsoid

Question 66

ellipsoid joint example

Answer 66

knee, wrist

Question 67

a ring of bone around a peg

Answer 67

pivot joint

Question 68

pivot joint example

Answer 68

head-neck

Question 69

flat, articulation surfaces that pass over one another

Answer 69

gliding joint

Question 70

gliding joint example

Answer 70

moving shoulder forward and back, facet joints of the vertebrae

Question 71

bone mineral density, bone mass, and bone strength decrease

Answer 71

osteoporosis

Question 72

chronic disorder that causes bones to grow larger and become weaker than normal

Answer 72

Paget disease

Question 73

inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone as a result of injury

Answer 73

osteomyelitis

Question 74

genetic disorder that prevents the body from building strong bones

Answer 74

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 75

disrupted blood flow to part of the bone - results in death of bone tissue

Answer 75

osteonecrosis

Question 76

abnormal growth of cells within a bone

Answer 76

bone tumor

Question 77

bones become soft and weak leading to deformities in children

Answer 77

rickets

Question 78

bones become soft and weak leading to deformities in adults

Answer 78

osteomalacia

Question 79

hereditary condition, growth of long bones is restricted by the ossification of cartilage, very short limbs, small face in relation to skull

Answer 79

achondroplasia

Question 80

too much growth of bony tissue

Answer 80

hyperostosis

Question 81

abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face, caused by overproduction of growth hormone

Answer 81

acromegaly

Question 82

sideways curvature of the spine

Answer 82

scoliosis

Question 83

an opening, hole, or passage in a bone

Answer 83

foramen