Basic Terms Flashcards
1
Q
append-
A
to hang something
2
Q
append- word example
A
appendicular
3
Q
cardi-
A
heart
4
Q
cardi- word example
A
cardiac
5
Q
cran-
A
helmet
6
Q
cran- word example
A
cranial
7
Q
dors-
A
back
8
Q
dors- word example
A
dorsal
9
Q
homeo-
A
same
10
Q
homeo- word example
A
homeostasis
11
Q
-logy
A
study of
12
Q
-logy word example
A
biology, physiology
13
Q
meta-
A
change
14
Q
meta- word example
A
metaphase
15
Q
pariet-
A
wall
16
Q
pariet- word example
A
parietal membrane
17
Q
pelv-
A
basin
18
Q
pelv- word example
A
pelvis
19
Q
peri-
A
around
20
Q
peri- word example
A
peritoneum
21
Q
pleur-
A
rib
22
Q
pleur- word example
A
pleurotomy
23
Q
-stasis
A
standing still
24
Q
-stasis word example
A
homeostasis
25
-tomy
cutting
26
-tomy word example
craniotomy
27
levels of organization from smallest to largest (10)
subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
28
noninvasive
no or limited cutting
29
use of high frequency sound wave, relatively quick and inexpensive
Ultrasoundography
30
ultrasoundography
use of high frequency sound wave, relatively quick and inexpensive
31
requires injection of dye, produces computerized images from different angels
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
32
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
requires injection of dye, produces computerized images from different angels
33
use computers and rotating x-ray machines, used to diagnose disease and evaluate injuries
computerized axial tomography scan (CT CAT)
34
computerized axial tomography scan (CT CAT)
use computers and rotating x-ray machines, used to diagnose disease and evaluate injuries
35
Characteristics of life (10)
movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion
36
assimilation
changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
37
requirements of organisms (5)
heat, water, food, oxygen, pressure
38
water
most abundant substance in the body, required for metabolic processes, required for transport of substances, regulates body temperature
39
most abundant substance in the body, required for metabolic processes, required for transport of substances, regulates body temperature
water
40
food
provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials (minerals and vitamins)
41
provides necessary nutrients, supplies energy, supplies raw materials (minerals and vitamins)
food
42
what percentage of the human body is water
70%-75%
43
oxygen
one-fifth of air (20%-21%), used to release energy from nutrients
44
one-fifth of air (20%-21%), used to release energy from nutrients
oxygen
45
heat
form of energy (produced from the friction in chemical reactions), partly controls rate of metabolic rates
46
form of energy (produced from the friction in chemical reactions), partly controls rate of metabolic rates
heat
47
pressure
application of force on an object, atmospheric pressure - important for breathing, hydrostatic pressure (hydration) - keeps blood flowing
48
application of force on an object, atmospheric pressure - important for breathing, hydrostatic pressure (hydration) - keeps blood flowing
pressure
49
body's maintenance of a stable internal environment
homeostasis
50
function of homeostasis mechanisms
monitor aspects of the internal environment and correct any changes
51
things monitored by homeostasis
temperature, pressure, Ph, minerals, vitamins
52
homeostasis receptors
provide information about stimuli
53
homeostasis control center
tells what a particular value should be
54
homeostasis effectors
elicit responses that change conditions in the internal environment
55
visceral layer
covers an organ
56
parietal layer
lines a cavity or a body wall
57
thoracic membranes
visceral pleura, parietal pleura, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium
58
abdominopelvic membranes
visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum
59
11 organ systems
Nervous, reproductive, respiratory, digestive, skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular, integumentary, endocrine, urinary, lymphatic
60
further up on the body vs further down on the body
superior vs inferior
61
synonym for superior
cranial, rostral
62
synonym for inferior
caudal
63
structure being more in front of or behind another
anterior, posterior
64
anterior synonym
ventral
65
posterior synonym
dorsal
66
a structure that is closer or further from the middle of the body
medial, lateral
67
structure being closer or further from the point of attachment
proximal, distal
68
a structure closer or further from the surface of the body
superficial, deep
69
on the same or opposite side of the body
ipsilateral, contralateral
70
plane that splits the body vertically down the middle
median, midsagittal
71
plane that splits the body vertically (not halves)
sagittal
72
plane parallel or adjacent to the sagittal plane
parasagittal
73
plane that splits the body horizontally into upper and lower halves
transverse, horizontal, cross section
74
plane that splits the body into front and back
coronal, frontal
75
a plane that is neither horizontal nor vertical
oblique
76
any plane perpendicular to the transverse plane (vertical)
longitudinal
77
horizontal cut of a cylinder
cross section
78
diagonal cut of a cylinder
oblique
79
vertical cut of a cylinder
longitudinal
80
upper middle abdominal region
epigastric (liver and stomach)
81
upper left abdominal region
left hypochondriac region (ribs, liver)
82
upper right abdominal region
right hypochondriac region (ribs, liver)
83
center abdominal region
umbilical region (small intestine)
84
left of the umbilical region
left lumbar region (kidney, small, and large intestine)
85
right of the umbilical region
right lumbar region (small and large intestine)
86
lower middle abdominal region
hypogastric region (small intestine, bladder)
87
lower right abdominal region
right iliac region (small and large intestine, hip bone)
88
lower left abdominal region
left iliac region (small and large intestine, hip bone)
89
branch of medical science dealing with the heart and heart diseases
cardiology
90
study of the structure, function, and abnormalities of cells. Subdivision of microscopic anatomy.
cytology
91
study of hormones, hormone secreting glands, and their disease
endocrinology
92
study of the factors determining the distribution and frequency of health related conditions in a defined human population
epidemiology
93
study of the stomach and the intestines and their diseases
gastroenterology
94
branch of medicine dealing with older people and their medical problems
geriatrics
95
study of the aging process
gerontology
96
study of the female reproductive system and its diseases
gynecology
97
study of the blood and blood diseases
hematology
98
study of the structure and function of tissues. subdivision of microscopic anatomy
histology
99
study of the body's resistance to infectious disease
immunology
100
study of newborns and the treatment of their disorders
neonatology
101
study of the structure, function, and diseases of the kidneys
nephrology
102
study of the nervous system and its disorders
neurology
103
branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy and childbirth
obstetrics
104
study of the eye and eye disease
ophthalmology
105
branch of medicine dealing with the muscular and skeletal systems and their problems
orthopedics
106
study of the ear, throat, and larynx, and their diseases
otolaryngology
107
study of the structural and functional changes that disease causes
pathology
108
branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases
pediatrics
109
study of drugs and their uses in the treatment of diseases
pharmacology
110
study of the care and treatment of feet
podiatry
111
branch of medicine dealing with the mind and its disorders
psychiatry
112
study of x-rays and radioactive substances and their uses in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases
radiology
113
study of poisonous substances and their effects upon body parts
toxicology
114
branch of medicine dealing with the urinary system, apart from the kidneys (nephrology) and the male reproductive system, and their diseases
urology
