Tissues of the MSK System Flashcards
Connective Tissue, Bones, and Cartilage
tissues of MSK system
bone
cartilage
ligaments
muscles
tendons
synovium
bursa
fascia
nerves
blood
lymph
fascia…
crosses systems
where is fascia
embedded in and surrounding all tissues
nerves…
cross systems
types of connective tissue
dense
loose
what does dense CT do
supports or limits motion
where is dense CT found
in bone, ligs, tendons and aponeuroses
how is dense CT aligned
parallel
tightly
dense CT has…
elastic stretch-plastic stretch rupture
10% lengthening before tearing
loose CT is
very flexible
where is loose CT found
in capsules, muscles, nerves, fascia and skin
loose CT alignment
random fiber orientation
loose CT has
greater lengthening w/o tension build up
about 80%
composition of bones
1/3 collagen fibers
2/3 mineral salts
collagen fibers
somewhat flexible
mineral salts
primarily calcium hydroxyapatite
rigid
how is bone formed
in response to stress
wolff’s law
types of bone
cortical
cancellous bone
bone is
highly vascularized
cortical bone is made of
flexible collagen fibers and rigid mineral crystals
where is cortical bone found
diaphysis of long bones
what does cortical bone have
hollow central cavity
hollow central cavity is called
medullary canal
marrow cavity
cancellous bone is found
at end of long bone –> where the bone expands
where cortical bone becomes porous = cancellous or trabecular bone
how do trabeculae lie
in direction of transmitted loads
what does cancellous bones do
conducts load from articular surface to diaphyseal cortical bone
what part of the bone is highly innervated
periosteum (middle)
what is cartilage made up of
cells that produce an extracellular matrix of proteoglycans and collagen fibers w/ a high water content
chondroblasts and chondrocytes
what is cartilages tensile strength d/t
collagen component
what is cartilages resistance to compression d/t
attraction and holding power of the water content
cartilage types
articular or hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
growth plate cartilage
where is articular or hyaline cartilage located
lines the spaces in synovial joints
where does articular or hyaline cartilage attach
underlying bone
how does articular or hyaline cartilage attach
by interdigitations
like a jigsaw puzzle fitting together
nutrition of articular or hyaline cartilage
no blood vessels w/in cartilage itself
occurs via loading and unloading the joint
what does loading and unloading allow articular or hyaline cartilage to do
allows the water to be imbibed and the waste products to move out of the cartilage
where is fibrocartilage located
at attachment sites of ligs, tendons and bones
what does fibrocartilage form
menisci in knee
symphysis pubis
intervertebral disc
what does fibrocartilage do
absorbs shock
increases joint congruity and fxnal surface area –> increases joint stability
growth plate cartilage is found
at epiphyseal ends of long bone
esp in kids that are still growing
what does growth plate cartilage eventually become
ossified and part of long bone
w/ aging, cartilage
decreases in water content
becomes more brittle, less supple/springy, less able to resist tensile, torsional and compressive loading
cartilage will increase in –> aging
cross-linkages b/w collagen molecules
so..w/ aging cartilage
becomes more vulnerable to injury
