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Ortho Exam 1 > Tissues of the MSK System > Flashcards

Tissues of the MSK System Flashcards

Connective Tissue, Bones, and Cartilage

1
Q

tissues of MSK system

A

bone

cartilage

ligaments

muscles

tendons

synovium

bursa

fascia

nerves

blood

lymph

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2
Q

fascia…

A

crosses systems

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3
Q

where is fascia

A

embedded in and surrounding all tissues

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4
Q

nerves…

A

cross systems

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5
Q

types of connective tissue

A

dense

loose

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6
Q

what does dense CT do

A

supports or limits motion

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7
Q

where is dense CT found

A

in bone, ligs, tendons and aponeuroses

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8
Q

how is dense CT aligned

A

parallel

tightly

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9
Q

dense CT has…

A

elastic stretch-plastic stretch rupture

10% lengthening before tearing

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10
Q

loose CT is

A

very flexible

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11
Q

where is loose CT found

A

in capsules, muscles, nerves, fascia and skin

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12
Q

loose CT alignment

A

random fiber orientation

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13
Q

loose CT has

A

greater lengthening w/o tension build up

about 80%

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14
Q

composition of bones

A

1/3 collagen fibers

2/3 mineral salts

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15
Q

collagen fibers

A

somewhat flexible

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16
Q

mineral salts

A

primarily calcium hydroxyapatite

rigid

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17
Q

how is bone formed

A

in response to stress

wolff’s law

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18
Q

types of bone

A

cortical

cancellous bone

19
Q

bone is

A

highly vascularized

20
Q

cortical bone is made of

A

flexible collagen fibers and rigid mineral crystals

21
Q

where is cortical bone found

A

diaphysis of long bones

22
Q

what does cortical bone have

A

hollow central cavity

23
Q

hollow central cavity is called

A

medullary canal

marrow cavity

24
Q

cancellous bone is found

A

at end of long bone –> where the bone expands

where cortical bone becomes porous = cancellous or trabecular bone

25
Q

how do trabeculae lie

A

in direction of transmitted loads

26
Q

what does cancellous bones do

A

conducts load from articular surface to diaphyseal cortical bone

27
Q

what part of the bone is highly innervated

A

periosteum (middle)

28
Q

what is cartilage made up of

A

cells that produce an extracellular matrix of proteoglycans and collagen fibers w/ a high water content

chondroblasts and chondrocytes

29
Q

what is cartilages tensile strength d/t

A

collagen component

30
Q

what is cartilages resistance to compression d/t

A

attraction and holding power of the water content

31
Q

cartilage types

A

articular or hyaline cartilage

fibrocartilage

growth plate cartilage

32
Q

where is articular or hyaline cartilage located

A

lines the spaces in synovial joints

33
Q

where does articular or hyaline cartilage attach

A

underlying bone

34
Q

how does articular or hyaline cartilage attach

A

by interdigitations

like a jigsaw puzzle fitting together

35
Q

nutrition of articular or hyaline cartilage

A

no blood vessels w/in cartilage itself

occurs via loading and unloading the joint

36
Q

what does loading and unloading allow articular or hyaline cartilage to do

A

allows the water to be imbibed and the waste products to move out of the cartilage

37
Q

where is fibrocartilage located

A

at attachment sites of ligs, tendons and bones

38
Q

what does fibrocartilage form

A

menisci in knee

symphysis pubis

intervertebral disc

39
Q

what does fibrocartilage do

A

absorbs shock

increases joint congruity and fxnal surface area –> increases joint stability

40
Q

growth plate cartilage is found

A

at epiphyseal ends of long bone

esp in kids that are still growing

41
Q

what does growth plate cartilage eventually become

A

ossified and part of long bone

42
Q

w/ aging, cartilage

A

decreases in water content

becomes more brittle, less supple/springy, less able to resist tensile, torsional and compressive loading

43
Q

cartilage will increase in –> aging

A

cross-linkages b/w collagen molecules

44
Q

so..w/ aging cartilage

A

becomes more vulnerable to injury

Ortho Exam 1 (17 decks)

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