Soft Tissue Injury and Healing 2

Question 1

injury to a muscle is called

Answer 1

strain

Question 2

strain

Answer 2

partial or complete rupture of fibers of tendon or muscle belly

Question 3

what’re the degrees of strains

Answer 3

1-3

Question 4

grade 1 strain

Answer 4

some mechanical injury to tissue causing irritation and inflammation

no structural damage

Question 5

grade 2 strain

Answer 5

some portions of contractile unit are damaged

some degrees of functional loss is present

the entire contractile unit is still intact

Question 6

grade 3 strain

Answer 6

loss of fxn of muscle

tendon or the tendon’s attachment due to complete tear

Question 7

tx to an injured muscle depends on

Answer 7

severity

which muscle

pt’s lifestyle

Question 8

medical tx to muscle injury

Answer 8

surgery

protective immobilization (unusual)

some support (ace bandage, neoprene sleeve)

Question 9

rehab to injured muscle

Answer 9

modalities

massage (if appropriate)

gentle stretch

progressive strengthening when tissue is ready

maintain range and strength of surrounding structures

Question 10

injury to a nerve is d/t

Answer 10

compression

overstretch

laceration

Question 11

compression of a N

Answer 11

not tolerated well

Question 12

overstretch of a nerve

Answer 12

nerve has a greater tolerance for stretch

Question 13

sxs of injury to nerve

Answer 13

immediate loss of fxn if lacerated

pain

paresthesia

sensory changes

loss of fxn

depending on severity

Question 14

3 types of injury to a nerve

Answer 14

neuropraxia

axonotmesis

neurotmesis

Question 15

when can a nerve regenerate

Answer 15

if the injury doesnt affect the cell body

Question 16

the closer an injury is to the cell body –> nerve

Answer 16

the less change of regeneration

Question 17

regeneration rate –> nerve

Answer 17

1-2 mm/day

Question 18

interventions for nerve injury

Answer 18

surgical intervention

for impairments/mm dysfxn

Question 19

surgical intervention –> N injury

Answer 19

follow surgeon’s guidelines

Question 20

impairments/mm dysfxn –> N injury

Answer 20

contracture prevention

weakness

mobility deficits

sensory loss

hypersensitivity

Question 21

contracture prevention –> impairments/mm dysfxn –> N injury

Answer 21

protect w/ splint if possible

Question 22

weakness –> impairments/mm dysfxn –> N injury

Answer 22

progressive strengthening exercises

Question 23

mobility deficits –> impairments/mm dysfxn –> N injury

Answer 23

stretching & ROM

Question 24

sensory loss –> impairments/mm dysfxn –> N injury

Answer 24

provide sensory stimulation

Question 25

hypersensitivity –> impairments/mm dysfxn –> N injury

Answer 25

provide sensory desensitization

Question 26

injury to bone

Answer 26

fx

Question 27

fx

Answer 27

break in continuity of a bone

Question 28

injury to a bone can occur

Answer 28

bone

epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous joint surface

Question 29

simple fx

Answer 29

only 2 bone fragments

Question 30

comminuted (complex) fx

Answer 30

more than 2 fragments

Question 31

how do we describe a fx

Answer 31

site

extent

configuration

relationship of fx fragments to each other and to the external environment

presence or absence of complications

Question 32

site of a fx –> describing

Answer 32

diaphysis

metaphysis

epiphyseal

intra-articular

combination (dislocation)

Question 33

configuration –> describing a fx

Answer 33

transverse

oblique

spiral

Question 34

relationship of fragments to each other –> describing a fx

Answer 34

undisplaced

displaced

Question 35

displaced fx –> describing a fx

Answer 35

change in anatomic axis of one fragment with respect to the other

Question 36

how could a fx be displaced

Answer 36

translated (shifted sideways)

angulated

rotated

distracted

overriding

impacted

Question 37

open/compound fxs

Answer 37

some communication w/ the outside or with an internal organ

infection a major danger

Question 38

complicated fx

Answer 38

important soft tissue damage present

Question 39

impacted fxs

Answer 39

occurs when bone fragments are forced together

usually stable

Question 40

unstable fx

Answer 40

are displaced or have the potential to displace

important in spinal column fxs

Question 41

if the bone fragments are displaced

Answer 41

fx has to be reduced

Question 42

if bone fragments aren’t displaced

Answer 42

immobilize fx

Question 43

reduction of fxs

Answer 43

closed

open

Question 44

closed reduction of fx

Answer 44

distraction w/ angulation to get best alignment

fx needs to be maintained in the correct position

Question 45

how is a closed reduction kept in place

Answer 45

plaster of paris cast (POP)

fiberglass cast

Question 46

open reduction

Answer 46

alignment is maintained w/ surgical fixation

ORIF

Question 47

ORIF

Answer 47

open reduction w/ internal fixation

Question 48

what else is impacted by trauma

Answer 48

soft tissue

Question 49

can a soft tissue injury be worse than the bone injury

Answer 49

yes

may have catastrophic effects on brain, spinal cord, thoracic or abdominal viscera

Question 50

what may also occur d/t trauma

Answer 50

joint disruption w/ the fx

Question 51

complications of a fx

Answer 51

infection

osteomyelitis

delated healing

non-union

pseudo-arthrosis

Question 52

what happens if an infection is localized

Answer 52

may become systemic

Question 53

fx complications @ time of injury

Answer 53

hemorrhage

damage to important internal structures

skin loss

soft tissue injury

Question 54

late complications of a fx

Answer 54

malunion, delayed union or non-union

failure of hardware

late wound infection

joint stiffness and contracture

sudek’s atrophy = RSD = CRPS

osteoarthritis

avascular necrosis

Question 55

classical signs of a fx

Answer 55

pain and tenderness

deformity

swelling

local temp increase

abnormal mobility, occasionally crepitus

loss of fxn