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Ortho Exam 1 > Soft Tissue Injury and Healing 1 > Flashcards

Soft Tissue Injury and Healing 1 Flashcards

Tissue Response to Trauma

1
Q

trauma to joints includes

A

dislocation

subluxation

overstretch

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2
Q

dislocation

A

after trauma joint surfaces not in contact w/ each other

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3
Q

what does dislocation commonly involve

A

overstretch or tearing of joint capsule

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4
Q

what could happen when a joint dislocates

A

could dislocate and relocate spontaneously or stay dislocated

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5
Q

subluxation

A

joint surfaces move out of position, but are still in contact, partially

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6
Q

overstretch

A

joint is stretched maximally

but doesn’t sublux or dislocate

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7
Q

what does overstretch involve

A

overstretch or tearing of tissue

but joint surfaces do not lose contact w/ each other

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8
Q

medical tx of dislocation

A

relocate and immobilize

usually for 2-3 weeks

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9
Q

rehab for dislocations

A

maintain ROM and strength surrounding structures

PROM, AROM, AAROM, progressive strengthening w/in ranges that do not stress the overstretched part of the capsule

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10
Q

what should we look for with dislocation injuries

A

injury to other tissues

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11
Q

subluxation tx

A

usually immobilization for 2-3 weeks

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12
Q

rehab for subluxation

A

same as dislocation

usually could progress faster

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13
Q

overstretch tx

A

immobilization for less than 1 week

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14
Q

rehab for overstretch

A

could move along faster but similar to dislocation and subluxation

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15
Q

fx around joint could be

A

intra-articular

extra-articular

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16
Q

extra-articular fx around joint

A

closer to joint

worse prognosis for full ROM

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17
Q

synovial membrane injury

A

repetitive trauma

post-traumatic synovitis

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18
Q

repetitive trauma causes

A

vascularity to increase

number of surface cells to increase

gradual fibrosis of sub synovial tissue

surface becomes more granular

synovial fluid changes composition

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19
Q

post-traumatic synovitis causes

A

capillaries to dilate

proteins leak out

changes in osmotic pressure gradient

water reabsorption to slow down

edema and exudates stay in joint

synovial membrane thickens

20
Q

if trauma to the synovial membrane is repetitive

A

the changes remain

enzymes attack normal joint structure

joint structures are destroyed

21
Q

initial tx to synovial membrane injury

A

RICE

early weight bearing (partial)

avoid irritation

anti-inflammatories

22
Q

48 hours –> tx to synovial membrane injury

A

gentle PROM

23
Q

5 days –> tx to synovial membrane injury

A

begins progressive exercise

24
Q

how long does a synovial membrane injury take to heal

A

3 weeks

25
Q

other tx to synovial membrane injury

A

aspiration

steroid injection

26
Q

if the synovial membrane injury is chronic –> tx

A

synovectomy

27
Q

a disruption of the meniscus could be

A

complete or partial

28
Q

what does healing and tx of a meniscal tear depend on

A

where it was torn

29
Q

vascularization –> meniscus

A

menisci are fully vascularized in children

as we age –> centra area loses its vascularization but peripheral area retains some of its blood supply

30
Q

if the meniscal tear is in the periphery and there is enough blood supply

A

meniscal repair

31
Q

if the meniscal tear is central w/ lack of blood flow

A

meniscectomy

meniscus is shaved down

32
Q

why are arthroscopies decreasing

A

conservative care works just as well

33
Q

injuries to ligs are called

A

sprains

34
Q

sprains

A

partial or complete rupture of a ligament

35
Q

how many grades of sprains are there

A

3

36
Q

stage 1 sprain

A

few fibers torn

stability is unaffected

37
Q

stage 2 sprain

A

more fibers torn but not complete

slight increase in joint laxity

38
Q

grade 3 sprain

A

complete tear

joint instability

39
Q

tx of a ligament injury is dependent on

A

severity

which ligament

pt’s lifestyle

40
Q

medical tx for lig sprains

A

could be surgery for grades 2-3

41
Q

if there is surgery to a ligament –> what is the rehab

A

follow MD guidelines

42
Q

if there is no surgery for a ligament injury –> rehab

A

there may be immobilization or splinting

43
Q

conservative care of ligament injury

A

modalities to decrease edema

strengthening muscles

gentle stretching

proprioception exercises

maintain range and strength of surrounding structures

44
Q

what happens to ligaments that are immobilized for several weeks after an injury

A

tend to have decreased tensile strength

weaker at the bony insertion

45
Q

what do we need to do to avoid the effects of immobilization

A

minimize immobilization

carefully stress the lig

strengthen muscles around the joint to support the lig

Ortho Exam 1 (17 decks)

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