Muscle Imbalances - Janda

Question 1

structural approach

Answer 1

typical orthopedic approach

Question 2

what does the structural approach emphisize

Answer 2

pathology of specific structures

Question 3

structural approach –> dx

Answer 3

based on localized eval and specific tests

Question 4

what is the structural approach important for

Answer 4

acute injury, dz or exacerbation

Question 5

fxnal approach

Answer 5

what we want to focus on

preferrable for chronic musculoskeletal pain

Question 6

what does the fxnal approach NOT focus on

Answer 6

single site of pathology

Question 7

fxnal approach has an emphasis on

Answer 7

patterns that occur based on response of the CNS through the sensorimotor system

Question 8

fxnal approach –> changes in one part of the system

Answer 8

are reflected by compensations and adaptations elsewhere in the body

d/t the body’s attempt to maintain equilibrium and balance

Question 9

where does the MS system receive info from

Answer 9

NM system

Question 10

since the MS receives info from the NM

Answer 10

reflects the status of the sensorimotor system

Question 11

what is the first response of the sensorimotor system to nociception

Answer 11

change in muscle tone

Question 12

muscle imbalance syndromes are based on

Answer 12

clinical observations and research that muscle imbalance was predictable and involved the entire motor system

Question 13

what is important about muscle imbalance syndromes

Answer 13

understanding the body’s predictable patterns of muscular compensation and postural imbalance

Question 14

what do Janda’s conclusions show –> changes in muscle tone

Answer 14

create a muscle imbalance which leads to a movement dysfxn

Question 15

what do Janda’s conclusions show –> muscles are prone to

Answer 15

tightness or weakness

Question 16

what do Janda’s conclusions show –> muscle imbalances and movement dysfxns may

Answer 16

have a direct effect on joint surfaces by creating abnormal wear patterns

this may lead to joint degeneration –> can create pain

Question 17

what do Janda’s conclusions show –> joint degeneration

Answer 17

may be the direct source of the pain

but the muscle imbalance may be the actual cause of the pain

Question 18

what do Janda’s conclusions show –> tx needs to focus on

Answer 18

the cause of the pain

not the source of the pain

Question 19

what do Janda’s conclusions show –> muscles could

Answer 19

be divided into 2 groups

postural and phasic

Question 20

postural muscles are

Answer 20

tonic muscles

Question 21

postural muscles are responsible for

Answer 21

maintaining upright posture

Question 22

when do postural muscles tend to become

Answer 22

tight and hypertonic w/ pathology

Question 23

postural muscles tend to

Answer 23

develop contractures

Question 24

postural muscles are less likely to

Answer 24

atrophy

Question 25

postural muscles are primarily

Answer 25

2 joint muscles

Question 26

phasic muscles are responsible for

Answer 26

movement

Question 27

phasic muscles tend to become

Answer 27

weak and inhibited w/ pathology

Question 28

phasic muscles tend to be

Answer 28

hypotonic

Question 29

phasic muscles are more likely to

Answer 29

atrophy

Question 30

phasic muscles are primarily

Answer 30

one joint muscles

Question 31

postural syndromes include

Answer 31

upper and lower crossed syndromes

Question 32

what do postural syndromes lead to

Answer 32

UE and LE movements impairment syndromes

Question 33

what do postural syndromes ultimately lead to

Answer 33

common patterns of tightness and weakness causing predictable patterns of joint dysfxn, movement imbalance and possible injury

Question 34

according to the classification of postural v. phasic muscles

Answer 34

patterns of muscle tightness and weakness are predictable b/c the sensorimotor system is attempting to reach homeostasis

Question 35

what do changes in muscular tone create

Answer 35

muscle imbalance

which leads to movement imbalances

Question 36

overtime muscle imbalances will

Answer 36

spread throughout the muscular system in a predictable manner

Question 37

upper crossed syndrome

Answer 37

GH is the center of the X

one diagonal of the X is weak phasic muscles

other diagonal of the X is tight postural muscles

Question 38

weak phasic muscles –> upper crossed syndrome

Answer 38

deep neck flexors

rhomboids, SA, lower trap

Question 39

tight postural muscles –> upper crossed syndrome

Answer 39

upper trap

levator scap

pec major

Question 40

lower crossed syndrome

Answer 40

pelvis is the center of the X

one diagonal of the X is weak phasic muscles

other diagonal of the X is tight postural muscles

Question 41

weak phasic muscles –> lower crossed syndrome

Answer 41

abdominals

all the glutes

Question 42

tight postural muscles –> lower crossed syndrome

Answer 42

thoracolumbar extensors

RF

iliopsoas

Question 43

according to Janda, if there is a muscle imbalance

Answer 43

first stretch the tight muscle to normal length and tone

then strengthen the weak muscle

Question 44

layer syndrome

Answer 44

combo of upper and lower crossed syndromes

Question 45

what does layer syndrome create

Answer 45

horizontal layer of alternating hypo and hypertonic muscles

Question 46

what do janda tx principles do

Answer 46

normalize the periphery so there is normal sensory info entering the nervous system and providing an optimum environment for healing

restore muscle balance

Question 47

janda tx principles to normalize the periphery

Answer 47

decrease effusion

protect healing tissue

education to restore postural alignment

manual therapy to restore joint biomechanics

Question 48

janda tx principles to restore muscle balance

Answer 48

stretch tight muscles

once length is restored –> strengthen inhibited muscle if necessary

increase proprioceptive input into the NS w/ specific exercise programs