Tissues Flashcards
Characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Lines every body surface and cavity.
Organs are lined on outside and inside by epi. tissue
Majority of glands are derived from epithelial tissue.
Epi cells are tightly packed.
It is avascular and rests on a basement membrane for metabolic support.
Epithelial Tissue functions?
Physical protection
Selective permeability
Secretions
Sensations
Classifying epithelial tissue?
Simple epithelium: Single layer of cells, all attached to basement membrane
Stratified epithelium: More than 1 layer of cells, not all are attached to basement membrane.
Pseudostratified epithelium: Single layer, not all cells reach opical surface. Gives impression of multiple cell layers.
Epithelial morphology?
Squamous: Resembles a fried egg
Cuboidal: Roughly cubic
Columnar: Taller than wide.
Types of glands?
Endocrine glands: Secrete directly into interstitial fluid or bloodstream.
Exocrine glands: Possess ducts and secretes into ducts.
Characteristics of muscle tissue?
Comprised of fibers.
Can contract, produces movement.
Myofilaments (actin and myosin) are responsible for contractability.
Types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal muscle tissue: Attached to bones. Cylindrical and long, multinucleated, striated and voluntary.
Cardiac muscle tissue: Found only on heart wall (Myocardium). Branched Y-shaped cells shorter than skeletal muscle. Striated and involuntary. Attached end-end by strong gap junction called intercalculated discs.
Smooth muscle tissue: Found in internal organ walls. Short cells with tapered ends. Involuntary and non-striated.
Types of nervous tissue?
Neurons and neuroglial cells.
Characteristics of connective tissue?
Most diverse and abundant of all tissue. Connective tissue is made up of cells and extracellular matrix. Extracellular matrix is made of fibers and ground substance.
Functions of CT?
Physical protection. support and structural framework. Binding of structures storage transport immune protection.
Classifying CT?
CT Proper
CT Supporting
Fluid CT
CT Proper?
Resident cells: Fibroblasts, fixed macrophages.
Wandering cells: Mast and plasma cells, free macrophages and leukocytes
collagen fibers: Long, thick, strong, not very flexible. Most abundant protein in body.
Elastic fibers: Thinner, easily stretchable, branch and rejoin.
Reticular fibers: Thinner, form mesh-like structure. acts as framework.
Makeup of ground substance?
Combo of protein and carbohydrates.
Classification of CT proper?
Loose CT: Less proteins, more GS. Areolar tissue. adipose CT, reticular CT.
Dense CT: More proteins, less GS
Types of dense CT?
Dense regular CT: Collagen fibers alligned parallel to applied force. found in tendons and ligaments
Dense irregular CT: Collagen bundles extending in many directions. Found in dermis, liver, kidney, spleen.
Elastic CT: Provide ability to stretch and recoil Found in vocal chords and larger arteries.
Types of specialized CT?
Cartilage, Bone, Blood
Fluid CT?
A watery ground substance containing protein fibers. Erythrocytes: Red blood cells
Leukocytes: White blood cells
Platelets: Fragments of blood cells involving blood clotting.
