The cell Flashcards
Characteristics of a prototypical cell?
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Characteristics of plasma membrane?
Thin outer cell border, selective barrier (physical and chemical), made of proteins and lipids
3 types of membrane lipids?
phospholipids
cholesterols
glycolipids
Plasma membrane functions?
Communication
intercellukar connection
barrier
selective permeability
Passive transport?
No energy needed
Travels down concentration gradient
Active transport?
Requires energy (ATP) material moved up [gradient] OR not soluble in membrane
Components of cytoplasm?
Cytosol: Viscous fluid w/ many different dissolved substances
Organelles: “little organs”
inclusions: Large storage agregates in cytosol (melanin: brown skin pigment, glycogen: long sugar chains)
List of membrane bound organelles?
Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondria lysosomes peroxisomes
List of non-membrane bound organelles?
Ribosomes Cytoskeleton Cilia and flagella Microvilli Lumen Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum?
smooth: Lipid storage, synthesis, transport. drug detox.
Rough: ribosomes are attached, synthesis, transport, storage of proteins. creation of lysosome.
Golgi Apparatus?
Refines proteins and lipids.
Recieving side is cis-face
shipping side is trans face
resembles stack of air pockets.
Lysosomes?
Vesicles that are generated by Golgi apparatus. Contains digestive enzymes and enzymes to remove waste and damaged organelles.
Autophagy and autolysis?
Autophagy: Process of removing damaged organelles
Autolysis: Enzyme release that digests a dying cell.
Peroxisomes?
Vesicles that are smaller than lysosomes. Uses oxygen and catalase to detox harmful molecules taken into cell.
Ribosome?
Contains smaller and larger unit. Synthesizes proteins. Free ribosome float in cytosol and fixed ribosomes are anchored to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Cytoskeleton?
Proteins in cytosol as solid filaments or hollow tubes.
Microfilaments?
Smallest of cytoskeleton components. Maintain and change cell shape. Made of actin. Connects muscle and participates in mitosis.
Intermediate filaments?
Structural support. maintains cell-cell connection.
Microtubules?
Largest cytoskeleton components. Hollow tubulin tubes, radiate from centrosome. fixes organelles in place. Maintains cellular rigidity and shape.
Cilia?
Grouped cell projections containing cytoplasm and microotubules, on cells that move objects across surface.
Flagella?
Cell projection, longer and usually singular. used to propel cell.
Microvilli?
Cellular extension not capable of movement. Increase surface area to increase food absorption.
Lumen?
Hollow tissue or organ cavity.
