Joints Flashcards
What is an articulation?
The region where a bone meets another bone, cartilage or teeth.
What are the functional classification of joints?
Synarthroses: Immovable joints
Amphiarthroses: Slightly movable joints
Diarthroses: Freely movable joints
What are the structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Types of fibrous joints?
Sutures: Rigid interlocking, immovable joints for brain protection.
Syndemoses: Bones connected by ligaments
Gomphoses: Peg-in-socket joints of teeth.
Types of cartilaginous joints?
Bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity, not highly movable.
Synchrondroses: Bar/plate of hyaline cartilage unites bone, no movement (synarthrotic)
Symphyses: Fibrocartilage unites bone, strong, flexible and slightly movable.
What are synovial joints?
Bones separated by fluid filled cavity. All are freely movable, includes all limb joints.
What are the 6 features of synovial joints?
- Articular cartilage: Hyaline cartilage.
- Joint cavity: fluid filled potential space.
- Articular (Joint) capsule
- Synovial fluid
- Different types of reinforcing ligaments
- Nerves and blood vessels.
What are bursae and tendon sheaths?
Bursae: Sacs lined with synovial membrane to reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, bones, etc. rub together.
Tendon sheath: Elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction.
What is abduction and adduction?
Abduction: movement away from midline
Adduction: Movement toward midline
What is dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?
Dorsiflexion: Flex foot upward (toes point upward)
Plantar flexion: Flex foot downward (Toes point down)
What is inversion and eversion?
Only in feet.
Inversion: Rotate foot inward (standing on sides of foot)
Eversion: Rotate foot outward (standing on inside of foot)
What is protraction and retraction of mandible?
Protraction: Moving mandible (Jaw) outward
Retraction: Moving mandible inward
What is elevation and depression?
Elevation: Lifting the jaw
Depression: Lowering the jaw
What is opposition?
Movement of one digit towards the thumb.
Synovial joint shapes?
Plane joints Hinge joints Pivot joints Condylar joints Saddle joints Ball-and-socket joints
