Cartilage and Bone Flashcards
Cartilage functions?
Soft tissue support.
Articulations: Smooth surfaces where bones meet.
Precursor model for bone growth.
Cartilage characteristics?
Semi-rigid connective tissue, mature cartilage is avascular.
Cells of cartilage: Chondroblast- Young cells that produce matrix, Chondrocytes-Older cells, surrounded by matrix
Makeup of cartilage?
Cells and extracellular matrix. (Its a from of connective tissue)
3 Types of cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage characteristics?
Most common type, also weakest. Glassy texture. Lacks significant collagen. Found at end of bones that articulate.
Elastic Cartilage characteristics?
contains mainly elastic fibers and chondrocytes. Both structures need to bend and snap back to original form.
Fibrocartilage Characteristics?
Densely interwoven collagen fibers contribute to durability. Found in knee meniscus. Acts as shock absorber, resists tension in one direction.
Characteristics of bones?
Contains all four tissue types. Primarily CT. Extracellular matrix is sturdy and rigid. Strengthened by calcification.
What is calcification
Minerals are deposited in matrix of bones. Main storage and source of Ca and PO4 ions.
Bone function?
Support. Protection Anchors for movement Hematopoiesis: Blood cell production Storage.
Bone classification?
Long bones: Greater length than width.
Short bones: Nearly equal length and width.
Flat bones: Thin surfaces
Irregular bones: Complex shapes.
Long bone characteristics?
Have compact and spongy bone. Longer than wide. Most common type of bone.
Short bone characteristics?
Have compact and spongy bone. Roughly equal with and length.
Flat bone characteristics?
Compact and spongy bone. Provide muscle attachment sites. Protect underlying structures.
Irregular bone characteristics?
Oddly shaped, does not fit into any regular category.
Long bone anatomy?
Diaphysis: Shaft
Epiphysis: Knobby enlarged end regions.
Metaphysis: Between diaphysis and epiphysis. Contains epiphysial (growth) plate.
Articular cartilage: Thin layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphyses.
Medullary/marrow cavity: space in shaft. Usually contains yellow bone marrow.
Bone coverings?
Periostuem: Dense irregular connective tissue. Covers external bone surfaces. Doesnt cover articular cartilage. Blood vessel and nerve anchors. Anchored by Sharoey fibers in bone matrix.
Endosteum: Covers most internal bone surfaces.
Cells of bone?
Osteoprogenitors: Stem cells, found inendosteum and periosteum. produce more stem cells or osteoblasts.
Osteoblasts: Young matrix forming cells, very mitotic.
Osteocytes: Mature cells that reside in lacunae, maintain matrix and communicate with osteoblast for more bone matrix deposit.
Osteoclasts: Large multinucleate cells that dissolve cartilage and bone releasing Ca2+ ions.
Bone matrix?
1/3 organic components and 2/3 inorganic components.
Compact bone?
Aka. cortical bone. Solid and dense, external surfaces of long and flat bones.
Spongy bone?
Aka cancellous or trabecular bone. Open lattice of narrow plates called trabeculae. Internal surface of bones
Osteon characteristics?
Basic structural and functional unit of mature compact bone. AKA haversian system. Cylindrical. Parallel to bone shaft.
Osteon components?
Lamellae
Canals
Characteristics of osteon lamellae?
Concentric lamellae: Rings of bone around central canal.
Circumferential lamellae: Along outer edge under periosteum.
Interstitial lamellae: leftover old osteon.
