Nervous system 2 Flashcards
Characteristics of the cerebrum?
Controls conscious thought and intellectual function. Outer layer is called cerebral cortex.
What are gyri, sulci, and fissures?
Gyri: Bumps on cerebral cortex formed by folding of grey matter
Sulci: Shallow grooves of cerebral cortex
Fissure: Deep grooves of cerebral cortex.
Functions of the cerebral lobes?
Frontal Lobe: Voluntary motor function Parietal: general sensory info Temporal: Hearing and smell Occipital: Vision and visual memory Insula: Memory and taste
Where is the insula lobe located?
Hidden beneath frontal and temporal lobes.
What is the perifrontal cortex?
Region of brain that controls intellect, learning, personality, emotions.
What ares of the brain are associated with speech?
Boca’s area: Left frontal lobe, language production.
Wernike’s area: Left-temporal lobe, processing words heard.
What is the diencephalon?
Called “interbrain”, houses thalamus, etc. Encloses third ventricle.
Characteristics of thalamus?
Paired oval grey matter on either side of third ventricle. relays all sensory impulses except smell.
Characteristics of hypothalamus?
Forms third ventricle walls, Controls body homeostasis, Attached to pituitary.
Characteristics of epithalamus?
Small, forms third ventricle roof.
Characteristics of midbrain and stem?
Midbrain: Visual, auditory and reflex centres
Pons: Relays info from cerebrum to cerebellum, aids respiration.
Medulla oblongata: Sensory and visceral control centers.
What is the limbic system?
Region where grey and white matter meet.
Learning, motivation, pleasure, emotion, memory. Includes hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
What is the hippocampus?
Seahorse shaped structure associated with learning, spacial orientation, memory.
What is the amygdala?
Associated with memory, stores emotions and moods. Linkage to psychopaths.
Characteristics of the cerebellum?
Maintains balance and posture, allows smooth, coordinated movements. Cerebellum hemispheres are connected by the vermis. It encases the fourth brain ventricle.
What is the arbor-vitae?
Tree-shaped cerebellar white matter.
Characteristics of spinal cord?
Responsible for reflexes, grey matter is exterior, white matter is interior, right end left horns are connected by grey commisure.
What are the cervical and lumbosacral enlargements?
cervical: Enlargement of inferior part of cervical spinal cord that innervates the upper limbs.
Lumbosacral: Enlargement of lumbar and sacral region of spinal cord that innervates the lower limbs.
What is the conus medullaris?
Tapered end of spinal cord, “official end”.
What is the cauda equina and filum terminae?
Cauda equina: Group of axons inferior to conus medullaris.
Filum terminae: Thin strand of pia mater in cauda equina that anchors the conus medullaris to the coccyx.
What is the lumbar puncture?
“spinal tap”, performed in space between L3 and L4.
What are dermatomes?
an area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root.
What are the 12 cranial nerves? (oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly)
CN1: Olfactory nerve-smell, sensory
CN2: Optic nerve-vision, sensory
CN3: Oculomotor-all eye muslce except of CN4&6, motor
CN4: Trochlear-superior oblique, motor
CN5: Trigeminal-face, sinuses, teeth, chewing, motor and sensory
CN6: Abducens-innervates lateral rectus, motor
CN7: Facial-facial expression, taste, sensory and motor.
CN8: Vestibulocochlear-hearing and equilibrium, sensory
CN9: glossopharyngeal- innervates last 1/3 of tongue for taste, tongue and pharnyx muscle for chewing, sensory and motor.
CN10: Vagus-heart, lungs, larynx, pharynx, etc., motor ans sensory.
CN11: Accessory- Innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, motor
CN12: Hypoglossal- innervtaes tongue muscles, motor.
What is a plexus?
A bundle of spinal nerves.
