Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
Fibroblasts
A
- Elongated cell
- rER & Golgi apparatus
- Making proteins
2
Q
Erythrocytes
A
- AKA red blood cells
- concave
- carries O2 to bloodstream
3
Q
Epithelial Cell
A
- hexagonal
- packs together in sheets
- abundant intermediate filaments
- cover and line body organs
4
Q
Skeletal & Smooth Muscle Cells
A
- elongated
- filled w abundant contractile filaments
- move organs and body parts
5
Q
Fat Cell
A
- contains large lipid droplet w/in cytoplasm
- stores nutrients
6
Q
Macrophage
A
- extends long pseudopods to crawl thru tissue to reach infection site
- fights diseases
7
Q
Nerve Cell
A
- AKA neuron
- has long processes made of plasma membrane & rER
- receives messages and transmits them to other structures in body
- gathers info and controls body functions
8
Q
Oocyte
A
- female sex cell
- largest cell in the body
- contains many copies of all organelles for distribution to daughter cells
9
Q
Sperm
A
- male sex cell
- long, streamlined
- swims to egg for fertilization
10
Q
Epithelial Tissue Function
A
- protect
- absorb
- filtrate
- secrete
11
Q
Epithelial Tissue Characteristics
A
- fit closely together to form continuos sheets (cell junctions- desmonosomes & tight junctions)
- always have one free surface or edge (apical surface)
- lower surface rests on basement membrane
- have no blood supply of their own (depend on diffusion from capillaries
- can regenerate easily
12
Q
Simple Epithelial Tissue
A
- function: absorption, secretion, filtration
- very thin
13
Q
Simple Squamous
A
- filtration or exchange of substances by diffusion
- ex. air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries
14
Q
Serous Membranes
A
- AKA serosa
- slick, line ventral body cavity and cover organs inside
- formed from simple squamous tissue
15
Q
Simple Cuboidal
A
- common in glands and ducts
- ex. salivary glands and pancreas
- forms walls of kidney tubules and covers surface of ovaries
16
Q
Simple Columnar
A
- lines entire length of digestive tract
- contains goblet cells
- muscosae
17
Q
Muscosae
A
- AKA mucus membranes
- epithelium that line body cavities open to body exterior
- simple columnar
18
Q
Pseudostratified Columnar
A
- gives false impression that it’s stratified
- nuclei appear at different heights above basement membrane
- lines most of respiratory tract
- cilia propel mucus upward away from lungs
19
Q
Stratified Epithelial Tissue
A
- consists of multiple layers
- protection
20
Q
Stratified Squamous
A
- layer by basement membrane are squamous but top are columnar or cuboidal
- in areas that receive a lot of abuse/friction
- ex. esophagus, mouth, outer portion of skin
21
Q
Stratified Cuboidal/Columnar
A
- rarely found
- mainly in ducts of large glands
22
Q
Transitional Epithelial
A
- forms lining of bladder, ureters, and part of urethra
- stretching
23
Q
Glandular Epithelium
A
- make and secrete a particular product (secretion)
- secretion usually contains proteins in an aqueous fluid
24
Q
Endocrine Glands
A
- lose connection to surface (duct)
- secretions diffuse directly into blood vessels
- ex. thyroid, adrenals, pituitary
25
Exocrine Glands
- retain ducts
- secretions empty through ducts to epithelial surface
- ex. sweat, oil glands, liver, pancreas
26
Connective Tissue Function
- to connect body parts
- support the body
- provide protection
27
Connective Tissue Characteristics
- most are well vascularized (except tendons, ligaments, and cartilages)
- have extracellular matrix
28
Extracellular Matrix Form
- has ground substance made up of mostly H2O, adhesion proteins & polysaccharides
- has fibers such as collagen, elastic, or reticular
29
Extracellular Matrix Function
- to form soft packing tissue around organs
- bear weight
- withstand stretching
- absorb water
30
Bone Tissue
- connective
- most rigid
- most collagen fibers
- AKA Osseous tissue
- made of bone cells sitting in lacunae
- surrounded by layers of matrix that contain Ca salts
- protects and supports body organs
- concentric circles
31
Lacunae
-cavities in bone
32
Cartilage
- less collagen fibers than bone tissue
- most abundant is hyaline cartilage
- forms supporting structures
33
Hyaline Cartilage
- forms larynx
- attaches ribs to breastbone
- covers ends of bones where joints are
34
Fibrocartilage
-disks b/w vertebrae
35
Elastic Cartilage
-external ear
36
Dense Fibrous
- AKA dense connective
- less collagen fibers than osseous and cartilage
- made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts
- forms tendons and ligaments
- makes up lower layers of skin
37
Tendon
-attach skeletal muscles to bones
38
Ligaments
- connect bones to joints
| - contain more elastic fibers than tendons
39
Loose Connective
- less collagen fibers than osseous, cartilage, and dense fibrous
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular connective
40
Areolar
- cobwebby
- cushions and protects body organs
- holds internal organs together in their spots
- lamina propria
41
Lamina Propria
- underlies mucous membranes
- fluid matrix containing all types of fibers
- provides an h20 and NaCl reservoir
- swelling of fluids causes edema
42
Adipose
- AKA fat
- areolar tissue with more fat cells
- forms subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin
- insulates body & protects it from extreme temperatures
43
Reticular Connective
- reticular fibers w reticular cells (resemble fibroblasts)
| - forms stroma
44
Stroma
- internal supporting framework
| - supports free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
45
Blood Tissue
- least amount of collagen fibers
- made up of blood cells surrounded by blood plasma
- fibers are only apparent during clotting
- transports nutrients, waste, respiratory gases, and other substances
46
Muscle Tissue Function
-contracts and shortens to produce movement
47
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
-elongated for contraction
48
Skeletal Muscle
- long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated
- striations
- voluntary
- large body movements
49
Cardiac Muscle
- branching, uni-nucleated cells
- cells fit closely together at intercalated disks
- only in heart
- contracts so heart can pump blood
- involuntary
50
Intercalated Disks
-contain gap junctions that allow ions to pass thru, creating electrical impulses
51
Smooth Muscle
- AKA visceral muscle
- uni-nucleated, spindle shaped
- found in walls of hollow organs
- contracts to move internal organs
- peristalsis
- involuntary
52
Peristalsis
-slow, wavelike motion that keeps things moving
53
Nervous Tissue
- made up of neurons
- cytoplasm is drawn out
- receives and conducts electrical impulses(irritability and conductivity)
- create the nervous system
- brain, spinal chord, nerves
54
Regeneration
- tissue repair
| - replacement of destroyed tissue by same kind of cells
55
Fibrosis
- tissue repair
| - repairs using dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
56
Tissue Repair Events
1. Capillaries become permeable
2. Granulation tissue forms
3. Surface of epithelium regenerates
57
Granulation tissue
-pink tissue made up of new capillaries that grows in damaged area
58
Hyperplasia
certain body tissues or organs enlarge bc of local irritant or condition that stimulates cells
-ex. breast enlargement during pregnancy
59
Atrophy
decrease in size of body tissue or organ bc it loses normal stimulation
