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Anatomy & Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Fibroblasts

A
  • Elongated cell
  • rER & Golgi apparatus
  • Making proteins
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2
Q

Erythrocytes

A
  • AKA red blood cells
  • concave
  • carries O2 to bloodstream
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3
Q

Epithelial Cell

A
  • hexagonal
  • packs together in sheets
  • abundant intermediate filaments
  • cover and line body organs
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4
Q

Skeletal & Smooth Muscle Cells

A
  • elongated
  • filled w abundant contractile filaments
  • move organs and body parts
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5
Q

Fat Cell

A
  • contains large lipid droplet w/in cytoplasm

- stores nutrients

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6
Q

Macrophage

A
  • extends long pseudopods to crawl thru tissue to reach infection site
  • fights diseases
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7
Q

Nerve Cell

A
  • AKA neuron
  • has long processes made of plasma membrane & rER
  • receives messages and transmits them to other structures in body
  • gathers info and controls body functions
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8
Q

Oocyte

A
  • female sex cell
  • largest cell in the body
  • contains many copies of all organelles for distribution to daughter cells
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9
Q

Sperm

A
  • male sex cell
  • long, streamlined
  • swims to egg for fertilization
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10
Q

Epithelial Tissue Function

A
  • protect
  • absorb
  • filtrate
  • secrete
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11
Q

Epithelial Tissue Characteristics

A
  • fit closely together to form continuos sheets (cell junctions- desmonosomes & tight junctions)
  • always have one free surface or edge (apical surface)
  • lower surface rests on basement membrane
  • have no blood supply of their own (depend on diffusion from capillaries
  • can regenerate easily
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12
Q

Simple Epithelial Tissue

A
  • function: absorption, secretion, filtration

- very thin

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13
Q

Simple Squamous

A
  • filtration or exchange of substances by diffusion

- ex. air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries

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14
Q

Serous Membranes

A
  • AKA serosa
  • slick, line ventral body cavity and cover organs inside
  • formed from simple squamous tissue
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15
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A
  • common in glands and ducts
  • ex. salivary glands and pancreas
  • forms walls of kidney tubules and covers surface of ovaries
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16
Q

Simple Columnar

A
  • lines entire length of digestive tract
  • contains goblet cells
  • muscosae
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17
Q

Muscosae

A
  • AKA mucus membranes
  • epithelium that line body cavities open to body exterior
  • simple columnar
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18
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A
  • gives false impression that it’s stratified
  • nuclei appear at different heights above basement membrane
  • lines most of respiratory tract
  • cilia propel mucus upward away from lungs
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19
Q

Stratified Epithelial Tissue

A
  • consists of multiple layers

- protection

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20
Q

Stratified Squamous

A
  • layer by basement membrane are squamous but top are columnar or cuboidal
  • in areas that receive a lot of abuse/friction
  • ex. esophagus, mouth, outer portion of skin
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21
Q

Stratified Cuboidal/Columnar

A
  • rarely found

- mainly in ducts of large glands

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22
Q

Transitional Epithelial

A
  • forms lining of bladder, ureters, and part of urethra

- stretching

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23
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A
  • make and secrete a particular product (secretion)

- secretion usually contains proteins in an aqueous fluid

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24
Q

Endocrine Glands

A
  • lose connection to surface (duct)
  • secretions diffuse directly into blood vessels
  • ex. thyroid, adrenals, pituitary
25
Q

Exocrine Glands

A
  • retain ducts
  • secretions empty through ducts to epithelial surface
  • ex. sweat, oil glands, liver, pancreas
26
Q

Connective Tissue Function

A
  • to connect body parts
  • support the body
  • provide protection
27
Q

Connective Tissue Characteristics

A
  • most are well vascularized (except tendons, ligaments, and cartilages)
  • have extracellular matrix
28
Q

Extracellular Matrix Form

A
  • has ground substance made up of mostly H2O, adhesion proteins & polysaccharides
  • has fibers such as collagen, elastic, or reticular
29
Q

Extracellular Matrix Function

A
  • to form soft packing tissue around organs
  • bear weight
  • withstand stretching
  • absorb water
30
Q

Bone Tissue

A
  • connective
  • most rigid
  • most collagen fibers
  • AKA Osseous tissue
  • made of bone cells sitting in lacunae
  • surrounded by layers of matrix that contain Ca salts
  • protects and supports body organs
  • concentric circles
31
Q

Lacunae

A

-cavities in bone

32
Q

Cartilage

A
  • less collagen fibers than bone tissue
  • most abundant is hyaline cartilage
  • forms supporting structures
33
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • forms larynx
  • attaches ribs to breastbone
  • covers ends of bones where joints are
34
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

-disks b/w vertebrae

35
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

-external ear

36
Q

Dense Fibrous

A
  • AKA dense connective
  • less collagen fibers than osseous and cartilage
  • made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts
  • forms tendons and ligaments
  • makes up lower layers of skin
37
Q

Tendon

A

-attach skeletal muscles to bones

38
Q

Ligaments

A
  • connect bones to joints

- contain more elastic fibers than tendons

39
Q

Loose Connective

A
  • less collagen fibers than osseous, cartilage, and dense fibrous
  • areolar
  • adipose
  • reticular connective
40
Q

Areolar

A
  • cobwebby
  • cushions and protects body organs
  • holds internal organs together in their spots
  • lamina propria
41
Q

Lamina Propria

A
  • underlies mucous membranes
  • fluid matrix containing all types of fibers
  • provides an h20 and NaCl reservoir
  • swelling of fluids causes edema
42
Q

Adipose

A
  • AKA fat
  • areolar tissue with more fat cells
  • forms subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin
  • insulates body & protects it from extreme temperatures
43
Q

Reticular Connective

A
  • reticular fibers w reticular cells (resemble fibroblasts)

- forms stroma

44
Q

Stroma

A
  • internal supporting framework

- supports free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow

45
Q

Blood Tissue

A
  • least amount of collagen fibers
  • made up of blood cells surrounded by blood plasma
  • fibers are only apparent during clotting
  • transports nutrients, waste, respiratory gases, and other substances
46
Q

Muscle Tissue Function

A

-contracts and shortens to produce movement

47
Q

Muscle Tissue Characteristics

A

-elongated for contraction

48
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A
  • long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated
  • striations
  • voluntary
  • large body movements
49
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • branching, uni-nucleated cells
  • cells fit closely together at intercalated disks
  • only in heart
  • contracts so heart can pump blood
  • involuntary
50
Q

Intercalated Disks

A

-contain gap junctions that allow ions to pass thru, creating electrical impulses

51
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • AKA visceral muscle
  • uni-nucleated, spindle shaped
  • found in walls of hollow organs
  • contracts to move internal organs
  • peristalsis
  • involuntary
52
Q

Peristalsis

A

-slow, wavelike motion that keeps things moving

53
Q

Nervous Tissue

A
  • made up of neurons
  • cytoplasm is drawn out
  • receives and conducts electrical impulses(irritability and conductivity)
  • create the nervous system
  • brain, spinal chord, nerves
54
Q

Regeneration

A
  • tissue repair

- replacement of destroyed tissue by same kind of cells

55
Q

Fibrosis

A
  • tissue repair

- repairs using dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)

56
Q

Tissue Repair Events

A
  1. Capillaries become permeable
  2. Granulation tissue forms
  3. Surface of epithelium regenerates
57
Q

Granulation tissue

A

-pink tissue made up of new capillaries that grows in damaged area

58
Q

Hyperplasia

A

certain body tissues or organs enlarge bc of local irritant or condition that stimulates cells
-ex. breast enlargement during pregnancy

59
Q

Atrophy

A

decrease in size of body tissue or organ bc it loses normal stimulation

Anatomy & Physiology (12 decks)

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