Tissues Flashcards
Fibroblasts
- Elongated cell
- rER & Golgi apparatus
- Making proteins
Erythrocytes
- AKA red blood cells
- concave
- carries O2 to bloodstream
Epithelial Cell
- hexagonal
- packs together in sheets
- abundant intermediate filaments
- cover and line body organs
Skeletal & Smooth Muscle Cells
- elongated
- filled w abundant contractile filaments
- move organs and body parts
Fat Cell
- contains large lipid droplet w/in cytoplasm
- stores nutrients
Macrophage
- extends long pseudopods to crawl thru tissue to reach infection site
- fights diseases
Nerve Cell
- AKA neuron
- has long processes made of plasma membrane & rER
- receives messages and transmits them to other structures in body
- gathers info and controls body functions
Oocyte
- female sex cell
- largest cell in the body
- contains many copies of all organelles for distribution to daughter cells
Sperm
- male sex cell
- long, streamlined
- swims to egg for fertilization
Epithelial Tissue Function
- protect
- absorb
- filtrate
- secrete
Epithelial Tissue Characteristics
- fit closely together to form continuos sheets (cell junctions- desmonosomes & tight junctions)
- always have one free surface or edge (apical surface)
- lower surface rests on basement membrane
- have no blood supply of their own (depend on diffusion from capillaries
- can regenerate easily
Simple Epithelial Tissue
- function: absorption, secretion, filtration
- very thin
Simple Squamous
- filtration or exchange of substances by diffusion
- ex. air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries
Serous Membranes
- AKA serosa
- slick, line ventral body cavity and cover organs inside
- formed from simple squamous tissue
Simple Cuboidal
- common in glands and ducts
- ex. salivary glands and pancreas
- forms walls of kidney tubules and covers surface of ovaries
Simple Columnar
- lines entire length of digestive tract
- contains goblet cells
- muscosae
Muscosae
- AKA mucus membranes
- epithelium that line body cavities open to body exterior
- simple columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar
- gives false impression that it’s stratified
- nuclei appear at different heights above basement membrane
- lines most of respiratory tract
- cilia propel mucus upward away from lungs
Stratified Epithelial Tissue
- consists of multiple layers
- protection
Stratified Squamous
- layer by basement membrane are squamous but top are columnar or cuboidal
- in areas that receive a lot of abuse/friction
- ex. esophagus, mouth, outer portion of skin
Stratified Cuboidal/Columnar
- rarely found
- mainly in ducts of large glands
Transitional Epithelial
- forms lining of bladder, ureters, and part of urethra
- stretching
Glandular Epithelium
- make and secrete a particular product (secretion)
- secretion usually contains proteins in an aqueous fluid
Endocrine Glands
- lose connection to surface (duct)
- secretions diffuse directly into blood vessels
- ex. thyroid, adrenals, pituitary
Exocrine Glands
- retain ducts
- secretions empty through ducts to epithelial surface
- ex. sweat, oil glands, liver, pancreas
Connective Tissue Function
- to connect body parts
- support the body
- provide protection
Connective Tissue Characteristics
- most are well vascularized (except tendons, ligaments, and cartilages)
- have extracellular matrix
Extracellular Matrix Form
- has ground substance made up of mostly H2O, adhesion proteins & polysaccharides
- has fibers such as collagen, elastic, or reticular
Extracellular Matrix Function
- to form soft packing tissue around organs
- bear weight
- withstand stretching
- absorb water
Bone Tissue
- connective
- most rigid
- most collagen fibers
- AKA Osseous tissue
- made of bone cells sitting in lacunae
- surrounded by layers of matrix that contain Ca salts
- protects and supports body organs
- concentric circles
Lacunae
-cavities in bone
Cartilage
- less collagen fibers than bone tissue
- most abundant is hyaline cartilage
- forms supporting structures
Hyaline Cartilage
- forms larynx
- attaches ribs to breastbone
- covers ends of bones where joints are
Fibrocartilage
-disks b/w vertebrae
Elastic Cartilage
-external ear
Dense Fibrous
- AKA dense connective
- less collagen fibers than osseous and cartilage
- made up of collagen fibers and fibroblasts
- forms tendons and ligaments
- makes up lower layers of skin
Tendon
-attach skeletal muscles to bones
Ligaments
- connect bones to joints
- contain more elastic fibers than tendons
Loose Connective
- less collagen fibers than osseous, cartilage, and dense fibrous
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular connective
Areolar
- cobwebby
- cushions and protects body organs
- holds internal organs together in their spots
- lamina propria
Lamina Propria
- underlies mucous membranes
- fluid matrix containing all types of fibers
- provides an h20 and NaCl reservoir
- swelling of fluids causes edema
Adipose
- AKA fat
- areolar tissue with more fat cells
- forms subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin
- insulates body & protects it from extreme temperatures
Reticular Connective
- reticular fibers w reticular cells (resemble fibroblasts)
- forms stroma
Stroma
- internal supporting framework
- supports free blood cells in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Blood Tissue
- least amount of collagen fibers
- made up of blood cells surrounded by blood plasma
- fibers are only apparent during clotting
- transports nutrients, waste, respiratory gases, and other substances
Muscle Tissue Function
-contracts and shortens to produce movement
Muscle Tissue Characteristics
-elongated for contraction
Skeletal Muscle
- long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated
- striations
- voluntary
- large body movements
Cardiac Muscle
- branching, uni-nucleated cells
- cells fit closely together at intercalated disks
- only in heart
- contracts so heart can pump blood
- involuntary
Intercalated Disks
-contain gap junctions that allow ions to pass thru, creating electrical impulses
Smooth Muscle
- AKA visceral muscle
- uni-nucleated, spindle shaped
- found in walls of hollow organs
- contracts to move internal organs
- peristalsis
- involuntary
Peristalsis
-slow, wavelike motion that keeps things moving
Nervous Tissue
- made up of neurons
- cytoplasm is drawn out
- receives and conducts electrical impulses(irritability and conductivity)
- create the nervous system
- brain, spinal chord, nerves
Regeneration
- tissue repair
- replacement of destroyed tissue by same kind of cells
Fibrosis
- tissue repair
- repairs using dense fibrous connective tissue (scar tissue)
Tissue Repair Events
- Capillaries become permeable
- Granulation tissue forms
- Surface of epithelium regenerates
Granulation tissue
-pink tissue made up of new capillaries that grows in damaged area
Hyperplasia
certain body tissues or organs enlarge bc of local irritant or condition that stimulates cells
-ex. breast enlargement during pregnancy
Atrophy
decrease in size of body tissue or organ bc it loses normal stimulation
