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Science > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tissue

A

A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a particular function form a tissue.

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2
Q

Types of Meristematic tissues

A
  • Apical - Growing tips (i.e.) roots and shoots.
  • Lateral - Girth or width of the stem or root.
  • Intercalary - Located near nodes.
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3
Q

Meristematic Tissue dont have…

[ Name the cell organelle ]

A

Vacuoles

[ As they are growing and dividing, they lack vacuoles ]

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4
Q

Parenchyma

[ Structure, Function & Location ]

A

Structure:

  • Living
  • Oval in shape
  • Thin cell wall
  • Large intercellular space

Function:

  • Storage of food
  • Chlorenchyma - Photosynthesis
  • Aerenchyma - Aquatic plant float (buoyancy) - Large air cavities

Location:

  • Most commonly found
  • Root cortex, Leaf mesophyll
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5
Q

Collenchyma

[ Structure, Function & Location ]

A

Structure:

  • Living
  • Elongated
  • Irregularly thickened
  • V.less Intercellular space

Function:

  • Flexibility in plants
  • Bending of tendrils and stems without breaking

Location:

  • Leaf stalks, tendrils, stems of climbers.
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6
Q

Sclerenchyma

[ Structure, Function & Location ]

A

Structure:

  • Non-Living
  • Long, narrow
  • Thickened by lignin
  • No Intercellular space

Function:

  • Mechanical Strength
  • Hardness

Location:

  • Stems, around vascular bundle
  • Hard covering of seeds/nuts
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7
Q

Why is the epidermis much thicker in plants of dry habitats?

A

To prevent water loss by Transpiration.

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8
Q

Why do root epidermal cells have hair-like projections?

A

To increase the water absorptive surface area.

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9
Q

Cutin

[ Location & Function ]

A
  • Cutin is a waxy substance that forms a layer called cuticle, and is present in epidermis of young plants.
  • It is water-resistant and prevents waterloss, protects from mechanical injury.
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10
Q

How is Cork formed?

A

As the plant grows older, the secondary meristem in cortex forms a layer of cells which make the cork.

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11
Q

Suberin

[ Location & Function ]

A
  • Suberin is the waxy substance present in root cork cells of old plants.
  • It makes the stem impervious to water & gases.
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12
Q

Xylem - Mention its Parts

A
  • Tracheids
  • Vessels
  • Xylem Parenchyma
  • Xylem Fibres
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13
Q

Xylem - Explain its Parts

A
  • Tracheids and vessels are tubular structures. They transport water and minerals (vertically).
  • Xylem parenchyma stores food.
  • Xylem fibres act as support.
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14
Q

Phloem - Mention its Parts

A
  • Sieve cells
  • Sieve tubes
  • Companion cells
  • Phloem fibres
  • Phloem parenchyma
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15
Q

Phloem - Explain its Parts

A
  • Sieve tubes are tubular cells with perforated walls. They transport food. They dont have nucleus but are living.
  • Companion cells regulate the movement of food.
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16
Q

Basement Membrane

[ Function & Location ]

A
  • Made up of extracellular fibres.
  • Seperates epithelial tissue from underlying tissues.
  • Lies below the epithelium.
17
Q

Types of Epithelium

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Columnar epithelium
  • Cuboidal epithelium
18
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

[ Structure & Location ]

A

Structure:

  • Extremely thin & flat.
  • Form a delicate lining.

Locations:

  • The oesophagus, lining of mouth, blood vessels, lung alveoli.
19
Q

Why is the simple squamous epithelium present in blood vessels?

A

Transportation of substances occurs through the thin selectively permeable surface of the simple squamous epithelium.

20
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

[ Structure & Function ]

A
  • Squamous stacked in a pattern of layers.
  • Present in skin.
21
Q

Columnar Epithelium

[ Structure, Function & Location ]

A

Structure:

  • Tall, pillar-like cells
  • Columnar tissue also has cillia ( in respiratory tract ) to push mucus.

Location:

  • Present wherever there is absorption and secretion.
  • Inner lining of intestine, respiratory tract.
22
Q

Cuboidal Epithelium

[ Structure, Function & Location ]

A

Structure:

  • Cube shaped cells

Function:

  • Mechanical support

Location:

  • Lining of kidney tubules, ducts of salivary glands.
23
Q

How is a glandular epithelium formed?

A

Glandular Epithelium is formed when a portion of cuboidal epithelium folds inwards to form a multicellular gland. This gland is able to secrete substances.

24
Q

Types of Matrices

[ Matrix ]

A

Jelly-like, Fluid, Dense, Solid

25
Q

What is the matrix in blood?

A

Blood has a fluid matrix called plasma.

26
Q

Name the different cells and substances suspended in plasma.

A

Cells:

  • Red blood corpuscles
  • White blood corpuscles
  • Platelets

Substances:

  • Proteins
  • Salts
  • Hormones
  • Waste material
  • Gases
27
Q

Bone

[ Mention its Matrix, Structure & Function ]

A

Matrix:

  • Solid matrix - Calcium, phosphorous and magnesium compounds.

Structure:

  • Strong & non-flexible.

Function

  • Framework of body
  • Anchors muscles and supports organs.
28
Q

Ligament

[ Structure & Function ]

A

Structure:

  • Very Elastic
  • Very less matrix
  • Considerable strength, great flexibility

Function:

  • Connects bones to bones.

[ BLB ]

29
Q

Tendons

[ Structure & Function ]

A

Structure:

  • Fibrous
  • Great strength, limited flexibility

Function:

  • Connects muscles to bones.

[ BTM ]

30
Q

Cartilage

[ Matrix & Function ]

A

Matrix:

  • Solid matrix - Proteins and sugars

Function

  • Smoothens bone surfaces at joints
  • Very flexible
  • Ears, larynx, nose.
31
Q

Function of Areolar

A
  • Fills space inside organs
  • Supports internal organs
  • Helps in tissue repair
32
Q

Functions of Adipose

A
  • Filled with fat globules.
  • Acts as an insulator.
33
Q

Muscles contain special proteins called…

[ Name the protein and its function ]

A

Contractile proteins which contract and relax to cause movement.

34
Q

Striated Muscles - Smooth Muscles - Cardiac Muscles

[ Differentiate ]

35
Q

Striated Muscles - Smooth Muscles - Cardiac Muscles

36
Q

Name the parts of the Nervous tissue.

[ AS PER NCERT ]

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cords
  • Nerves
37
Q

Parts of Nerve Cell

A
  • Cell Body - Nucleus & Cytoplasm
  • Axon - Long process
  • Dendrites - Short, branched processes

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